秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培对马铃薯产量及经济性状的影响

地膜覆盖技术的推广应用造成了土壤与环境的污染,对旱作农业的可持续性发展带来严重挑战。为了降低农业生产对土壤、环境的污染,探索寻求新型的绿色环保覆盖高效模式,通过运用粉碎秸秆来代替地膜,设置秸秆粉碎覆盖垄作侧播处理,与当地常规种植模式对比,研究了秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培对马铃薯产量及经济性状的影响。结果表明,玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培处理的保温保墒效果不及黑色全膜双垄侧播处理,但能明显提高马铃薯单株粒数和单株粒重,单株粒数提高0.4个/株,单株粒重提高0.05 kg/粒,从而明显提高大薯率,大薯率相比黑色全膜双垄侧播栽培模式提高6.0个百分点,进而提高马铃薯产量。秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培处理下产量最高,达到41339 kg/hm^2,较黑色全膜双垄侧播处理增产14.3%,较黑色半膜覆盖侧播处理增产28.1%,较露地穴播增产43.5%。因此,秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培是一项适宜半干旱区马铃薯生产种植的绿色环保覆盖高效栽培模式。

Effects of Smashed Straw Mulching Ridge Tillage on Yields and Economic Characters of Potato

The application and extension of plastic film mulching technology resultes in soil and environment pollution,which poses a serious challenge to the sustainable development of dryland agriculture.In order to reduce the pollution of soil and environment caused by agricultural production,and seek a new type of green,environmental friendly and efficient mulching model,the effect of straw smashing mulching on potato yield and economic characteristics was studied by using straw smashing instead of plastic film and setting straw smashing mulching ridge and side-sowing treatment.The results showed that under the treatment of smashed straw covering ridge tillage,heat preservation and water holding effect were inferior to those under black film mulching covering double-ridge tillage,but it obviously increased the tuber number per plant and tuber weight per plant of potato.Compared with black film mulching covering double-ridge tillage,tuber number per plant was increased by 0.4,and tuber weight per plant by 0.05 kg,increasing large-sized tuber percentage by 6.0 percentage points.The yield under the treatment of smashed straw covering ridge tillage was the highest and reached to 41339 kg/ha,increasing by 14.3%compared with black film mulching covering double-ridge tillage,increasing by 28.1%compared with black film mulching half-covering ridge tillage,and increasing by 43.5%compared with un-mulching bunch planting.Therefore,smashed straw covering ridge tillage is an environmental friendly and efficient cultivation model suitable for potato production and cultivation in semi-arid regions.