干旱胁迫对花生生长发育和光合产物积累的影响

采用人工控制条件下的防雨棚土柱栽培试验,以不同抗旱类型花生品种为材料,设置充分灌水和中度干旱胁迫处理,对苗期、花针期、结荚期、饱果期和成熟期(播种后30d、50d、75d、103d和132d)5个生育时期地上部不同器官和根系物质积累的影响进行了研究。结果表明,随生育期的进行,除花育22号在全生育期干旱胁迫条件下呈渐升趋势至成熟期最大外,花育23号和花育25号2品种根系干物质积累量均呈"抛物线型"变化趋势。干旱胁迫使花育23号根系干物质积累量峰值出现在结荚期,而花育25号峰值滞后到饱果期。3品种根重和荚果干物质积累量大小顺序均表现为:花育25号花育22号花育23号;通过Logistic方程能很好地拟合各品种地上部各器官、根系及植株生长发育情况。干旱胁迫使花育22号和花育23号两品种最大生长速率(Vm)明显降低,花育25号明显升高,但3品种地上部植株物质积累最大速率出现的时间(Tm)均明显滞后;地上部叶片和茎Vm降低,Tm延长;干旱胁迫使花生光合作用降低,光合产物积累缓慢,植株生长发育迟滞。3品种表现出对干旱胁迫适应性的差异,花育23号品种对水分较为敏感,抗旱性较差,花育25号具有较强的抗旱性。

Effect of Drought on Development and Photosynthate Accumulation of Peanut

With the experiment of soil pillar culture in rain-proof shelter under manual control, and various drought-resistant peanut varieties as material, the treatments of adequate irrigation and medium drought were designed to study their effects on the matter accumulation of overground organs and root system during 5 development stages as seedling, pegging, pod setting, pod filling and mature periods （30, 50, 75, 103 and 132 days after the sowing date respectively）.The results showed, as the＆amp;nbsp;growth periods progressing, the roots system dry matter accumulation of 2 varieties of Huayu23 and Huayu25 performed the variance of parabolic trend, while that of Huayu22 performed continuous ris-ing trend till its maximum value at mature period under the total growth period of drought stress.The peak value of dry matter accumulation of Huayu23 appeared at pod setting stage while that of Hua-yu25 delayed to mature pod filling stage.Both the root weight and pod dry matter accumulation of 3 varieties were ranked as： Huayu25 〉 Huayu22 〉 Huayu23.The development situation of overground organs, root system and plant could be perfectly simulated with Logistic equation.Drought stress could significantly decrease the maximum growth rate （Vm ） of Huayu22 and Huayu23 but significantly increase Vm of Huayu25, and the time of the overground part maximum dry matter accumulation rate （Tm ） of 3 varieties were all significantly postponed.Vm of leaves and stems was decreased and Tm of them was prolonged.Drought stress decreased the photosynthesis, slowed down the photosynthetic product accumulation and delayed the plant development of peanut.There were difference of adapta-bility to the drought stress among the 3 varieties.Huayu23 showed relatively sensitive to moisture and poor resistance to drought, while Huayu25 had relatively strong resistance to drought.