积温变化对济宁市夏花生生长的影响

利用济宁市1971-2010年的气象观测资料及夏花生生长发育资料,分析夏花生生育期间积温变化对夏花生结荚期、饱果成熟期和有效花终止期的影响.结果表明,济宁市1971-2010年夏花生生长期间（6月15日-10月5日,下同）≥15℃积温有升高的趋势,近二十年（1991-2010）麦茬夏花生生长期间≥15℃积温为2799.8℃,高于夏花生正常成熟所需的积温下限2600℃,夏直播花生覆膜栽培完全可以满足中早熟品种正常成熟对积温的要求;1971-2010年花生饱果成熟后期（9月20日至9月30日）≥15℃积温有升高的趋势,1991-2010年间≥15℃积温比1971-2010年的40年的平均值高6℃,11d的日平均温度高出0.55℃,利于饱果的形成.利用＞10℃有效积温计算夏花生可形成饱果的有效花终止期为7月30日,为适时化控,减少无效花、果数量,降低株高,防止倒伏,提高饱果率提供了依据.

Effects of Accumulated Temperature on Growth of Summer Peanut in Jining

The effect of the accumulated temperature variation on pod-setting stage, pod-filling stage and valid flower termination stage of summer peanut was analyzed based on materials of meteor- ological observation and summer peanut growth in Jining from 1971 to 2010. Results showed： There was a Ine mer pean （≥15℃） （1991--2 by the co tease tendency with the accumulated temperature （≥15℃ ） during the growth period of sum- ut （June 15-October 5, the same below） during 1971--2010. The accumulated temperature during the growth period of wheat-followed summer peanut was 2799.8℃in recent 20 years 010）, which was higher than the lowest limit of accumulated temperature （2600℃） required mplete mature of summer peanut. Film mulching cultivation could completely satisfy the re- quirement of early and medium matured summer peanut varieties on the accumulated temperature. The accumulated temperature （≥15℃） during the late pod-filling stage （September 20-September 30）of peanut had an increase tendency from 1971 to 2010. The average value of the accumulated tempera ture （≥15℃） during 1991--2010 was 6℃higher than that of 40 years during 1970--2010, and the av- erage daily temperature was 0.55℃ higher during the 11 days, which was good to the formation of plump pods. According to the valid accumulated temperature（〉10℃）, it can be calculated that the valid flower termination date was July 30, which could make the summer peanut form the plump pod and offer causes for timely chemical control, deduce the number of invalid flowers and pods, lower the plant height to prevent the lodging and increase the plump pod rate.