从稻米品质评价标准的变化看我国水稻品质育种的发展

对我国水稻生产中应用最为广泛的两个稻米品质标准<优质食用稻米>(NY 122-86)和<优质稻谷>(GB/T 17891-1999)作了比较分析,认为NY 122-86指标数过多,部分指标过于严格,脱离了育种实际,而GB/T 17891-1999则具有重点突出、紧密结合实际、可操作性强等优点.以这两个标准的颁布为转折点,可将我国水稻品质育种历程分为3个阶段:即起步阶段、全面改良和提高阶段、重点攻关阶段.根据当前育种实际,论述了我国水稻品质育种的主要发展趋势.

Viewing the Development of Rice Quality Breeding from Changes of the Standards for High Quality Rice in China

Comparison was conducted between the two most widely used standards for high quality rice NY 122-86 and GB/T 17891-1999 in rice production in China. It was held that NY 122-86 had too many grain quality indices, and some of them had too high a standard to be achieved in the breeding practice, but GB/T 17891-1999 had the superiority of relatively centralized grain quality indices, close link to breeding practice and good maneuverability. Taking the issue of the two standards as the turning point, the developmental process of rice quality breeding in China could be divided into three stages, i.e., beginning, integrated quality improving and target-oriented stages. Based on the rice breeding practice, the developing tendency of the rice quality breeding in China was also discussed in the paper.