磷肥用量对冬作马铃薯镁素积累与分配特征的影响

以费乌瑞它脱毒种薯为材料,通过大田试验研究4个磷肥水平,即0(P0)、45.0(P1)、90.0(P2)、135.0(P3)kg/hm~2对冬作马铃薯镁积累与分配特征的影响。结果表明:各处理马铃薯整株镁积累量呈先升高后降低变化趋势,齐苗后17~45 d为快速积累期,在齐苗后59 d出现峰值,齐苗后73 d,各处理全株镁积累量表现为:P1P2P3P0;块茎镁积累量呈持续升高趋势,齐苗后73 d,各处理块茎镁积累量表现为:P1P2P3P0,但各处理间并未产生显著差异;各处理镁在叶片中的分配比例均呈逐渐降低趋势;镁在茎中的分配比例整体呈逐渐降低趋势,变幅不大,而在块茎中的分配比例呈持续上升趋势;整个生育期间,镁在各生育阶段各器官的分配比例呈现:叶茎(齐苗后3 d);叶茎块茎(齐苗后17 d);叶块茎茎(齐苗后31~45 d);块茎叶茎(齐苗后59~73 d)的动态变化过程,镁在块茎中的分配率以P1处理最大,为60.38%。供试条件下,磷肥施用量在P1水平下可提高马铃薯镁积累量,P2、P3水平的用量则会降低镁的积累;平均每生产1 000 kg块茎,植株需从土壤中吸收镁0.253 kg.

Influence of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application on Magnesium Accumulation and Distribution of Winter Potato

The field experiment was carried out to probe into the characteristics of magnesium accumulation and distribution of winter potato under different phosphate fertilizer dosage (Four phosphorus levels were set as follows:0, 45.0, 90.0, 135.0 kg·hm-2, respectively, marked as P0, P1, P2, P3,) by using Favorita (potato caltivar) as the experimental materials. The main results showed: The accumulation of magnesium in the whole plant increased first and then decreased in all treatments, rapid accumulation period was at 17 to 45 d after seedling emergence and the peak appeared in 59d after seedling emergence. The accumulation of magnesium in the whole potato plant was shown as P1>P2>P3>P0 in 73 d after seedling emergence. The accumulation of magnesium in tubers showed a trend of rising and when harvested, the accumulation of magnesium in tubers showed as P1>P2>P3>P0, but there were no significant differences between the treatments. The distribution of magnesium in the leaves and stems decreased gradually, and in tuber showed a trend of rising. In the whole growth period, the distribution of magnesium in different organs presented the dynamic change process as follows: leaf>steam, leaf>steam>tuber, leaf>tuber>steam, tuber>leaf>team, and magnesium was mainly stored in tubers when it was harvested. The distribution of magnesium in the tuber of P1 was the largest, 60.38%. In this experiment under the condition, the supply of phosphorus fertilizer at P1 level could increase the accumulation of magnesium, but the P2, P3 level of consumption would reduce the accumulation; 0.253 kg magnesium was needed to be absorbed to produce 1000 kg tubers.