海南五指山国家级自然保护区石松类和蕨类植物区系研究

五指山国家级自然保护区位于海南岛中南部腹地山区,其石松类和蕨类植物区系目前尚未系统研究。在野外调查、标本鉴定和文献整理的基础上,对其区系进行研究。结果表明,五指山石松类和蕨类植物区系由28科95属288种(及种下分类单位)组成,优势科有6科,分别为水龙骨科、凤尾蕨科、鳞毛蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、铁角蕨科、金星蕨科。该区区系地理成分复杂,其中热带性科、属、种的比例分别为100%、91.2%、84.7%,显示出该区系明显的热带性质。从种的层次来看,热带亚洲分布类型是五指山石松类和蕨类植物区系的显著成分,该区系尤其与中南半岛的石松类和蕨类区系有密切联系,此外,该区系兼有一定的东亚成分和少量的海南特有成分。与7个邻近地区的石松类和蕨类区系比较,与鹦哥岭亲缘最密切,与尖峰岭的亲缘关系次之,再次为云开山、弄岗、赣江源,而与独龙江地区、麻阳河亲缘较远。五指山自然保护区分布着珍稀的石松类和蕨类植物,9种为国家二级保护植物,4种为受威胁程度达到极危的植物。

Lycophytes and Ferns Flora of Wuzhishan National Nature Reserve in Hainan

Wuzhishan National Nature Reserve,was located in the hinterland of south central Hainan,the analysis of lycophytes and ferns flora had not been acquainted.Using the methods of field investigations,specimen collection and identification,and literatures review,the lycophytes and ferns flora was studied.The results showed that there were 288 species (including subspecies and variety) of 95 genera in 28 families.The dominant families were Polypodiaceae,Pteridaceae,Dryopteridaceae,Athyriaceae,Aspleniaceae,and Thelypteridaceae.Among its floristic elements,the tropical distribution elements of lycophytes and ferns families,genera and species were account for 100％,91.2％,84.7％ of the total in Wuzhishan (Cosmopolitan excluded),so it showed that this lycophytes and ferns flora had stronger tropical nature.At the level of species,the tropical Asia element was dominant,thus it indicated that the Wuzhishan fern flora has close affinity with the Asian tropical flora,especially the Indochina flora.In additon,this flora also had some East Asia species and a few local endemic species.Compared with the flora of seven neighboring areas,the Wuzhishan fern flora was much more closely allied to Yinggeling,following by Jianfengling,Yunkai Shan and Ganjiangyuan,while it had a weak relationship with Dulongjiang and Mayanghe.Nine fern species were under Class lⅡ National Protection,and four species were critically endangered in the area.