不同施肥模式对热带地区菠萝生长发育及产量品质的影响

本研究探究了不同施肥模式对菠萝（Ananas comosus）生长发育、养分吸收及产量品质的影响，旨在筛选出高产优质高效的施肥方案。以‘台农17号’菠萝为材料，采用田间小区试验，设置不施肥（CK）、农户常规施肥（NPK）、减量施肥（INF）、有机无机肥配施（INF+M）和有机无机缓控释肥配施（INF+M+S）5组处理，每组3次重复，比较不同施肥模式下菠萝叶片数、干物质量、产量品质和氮、磷、钾积累与分配的差异。结果表明：快速生长期后，NPK处理叶片数高于其他处理，约为84片。INF+M和INF+M+S处理收获期干物质积累量分别提高20.28%和23.16%，而INF与NPK处理间无显著差异。INF+M+S处理氮、磷积累量分别较NPK处理提高8.33%、2.77%，钾积累量无显著差异，而INF和INF+M处理对氮积累量无显著影响，但降低了磷、钾积累量。此外，INF+M+S处理显著提高了氮、磷、钾转运量，增幅依次为62.32%、189.83%和30.79%，INF+M处理氮、磷、钾转运量也有不同程度提高，而INF处理则降低了磷、钾转运量。相较于CK处理，施肥处理显著降低了冠芽养分分配率，3种减量施肥处理较NPK均提高了收获期菠萝果实养分分配率，减少了叶片等营养器官养分分配率，其中INF+M+S处理果实氮、磷、钾分配率分别较NPK处理提高131.43%、66.60%和147.33%。INF、INF+M和INF+M+S处理产量较NPK处理分别提高1.64%、19.35%和37.09%，且INF+M+S显著高于其他处理；施肥处理较CK显著提高可溶性糖的含量，降低可滴定酸和维生素C含量。但施肥处理间可溶性糖、可滴定酸和维生素C含量之间无显著差异。综上所述，INF+M+S处理下菠萝产量最高，且能提高养分积累量、养分转运量和果实养分分配率，为菠萝最优施肥模式。

Effect of Different Fertilizer Models on the Growth,Development, Yield and Quality of Pineapple in Tropics

This experiment investigated the effects of different fertilization patterns on the growth and development, nutrient uptake and yield quality of pineapple (Ananas comosus), with the aim of screening out a high yield, high quality and efficient fertilization program. The variety ‘Tainong 17’ was subjected to a field plot experiment with five treatments: no fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilizer (NPK), reduced fertilizer (INF), organic and inorganic fertilizer (INF+M) and organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer (INF+M+S). Each group was repeated three times, to compare the differences in leaf number, dry matter accumulation, yield quality and N, P and K accumulation and distribution of pineapples under different fertilization patterns. After the rapid growth period, the number of leaves in NPK treatment was higher than that in other treatments, about 84 leaves. INF+M and INF+M+S treatments increased dry matter accumulation at harvest by 20.28% and 23.16%, while there was no significant difference between INF and NPK treatments. The INF+M+S treatment increased N and P accumulation by 8.33% and 2.77% respectively compared to the NPK treatment, with no significant difference in K accumulation, while the INF and INF+M treatments had no significant effect on N accumulation, but reduced P and K accumulation. In addition, the INF+M+S treatment significantly increased N, P and K transport by 62.32%, 189.83% and 30.79%, respectively. The transport volume of N, P and K also increased in the INF+M treatment, while the INF treatment reduced P and K transport. Compared with the CK treatment, the fertilization treatment significantly reduced the nutrient distribution rate of the crown buds. Compared with the NPK treatment, the three reduced fertilization treatment increased the nutrient distribution rate of the pineapple fruit during the harvest period and reduced the nutrient distribution rate of the leaves and other nutrient organs. Among them, the distribution rate of N, P and K in the fruit under the INF+M+S treatment increased by 131.43%, 66.60% and 147.33%, respectively, compared with the NPK treatment. The INF, INF+M and INF+M+S treatments increased yield by 1.64%, 19.35% and 37.09%, respectively, compared to the NPK treatment, and INF+M+S was significantly higher than that of the other treatments. Compared with CK, fertilization treatment significantly increased the content of soluble sugar but reduced the content of titratable acid and vitamin C. However, there were no significant differences in soluble sugar, titratable acid and vitamin C content between fertilizer treatments. In summary, pineapple yield was the highest under INF+M+S treatment, and it increased nutrient accumulation, nutrient translocation and fruit nutrient distribution rate, making it the optimal fertilization mode for pineapple.