旱稻数量性状的遗传参数分析

从广义遗传力、遗传相关、遗传进度和选择指数等几个方面,分析了57份旱稻品种的株高、有效穗数、主穗长度、主穗粒数、千粒重、单株粒重和剑叶长/宽7个主要数量性状的遗传潜力和选择效果.分析结果表明：株高、剑叶长/宽、单株粒数、主穗长度、千粒重的广义遗传力较高,有效穗数、单株粒重的广义遗传力偏低;单株粒数、单株粒重、有效穗数3个主要产量构成因素的遗传变幅较大,在该群体中对这3个性状进行选择的潜力较大;产量性状中的单株粒数和千粒重与单株粒重本身均有一定的遗传潜力,预期遗传进度也较大,特别是单株粒数的预期遗传进度较大;单株粒重与单株粒数、千粒重间存在显著或极显著的遗传正相关,主穗长度与有效穗数间存在极显著的遗传负相关,因此可以通过提高单株粒数和千粒重来间断增加单株产量;用单株粒重与单株粒数、千粒重和有效穗数构成的选择指数进行综合选择,相对效率高达219.34%,比直接选择单株粒重提高了119.34%,显著高于对单株粒重的直接选择,因此采用这个指数对单株粒重进行间接选择效果较为理想.

Studies on the Genetic Parameters of Quantity Traits in Upland Rice

Seven traits of 57 upland rice varieties were studied on broad-sense hereditability, genetic correlation, genetic advance and selection index. The results showed that the broad-sense hereditability of plant height, length-breadth ratio of flag leaf, grains per plant, main spike length and 1 000-grain weight was high. The range of hereditary change of grains per plant, grain weight and effective spikes per plant were higher as compared to other traits. These 3 traits had huge genetic potential for breeding by selection. The 1 000-grain weight and grains per plant had significant genetic potential and advance to improve grain yield. Grains per plant in the population had a dominant genetic advance in the following generations. The 4 traits, i.e. grain weight per plant, grains per plant, 1000-grain weight and effective spikes, were used as selection indexes for combined selection, and the relative selection efficiency was upto 219.34 %, 119.34 % higher than the direct selection with grain weight per plant.