金花茶组叶片生化成分评价及其最佳采收期研究

本研究以26份来源于6种金花茶组植物、不同表型防城金花茶和不同月份采收的防城金花茶的成熟叶片为材料,建立同时测定芦丁、槲皮素、木犀草素、山奈酚4种黄酮成分的HPLC法,以及优化了测定茶多酚、总黄酮、总多糖和总皂苷成分含量的紫外分光光度法,基于以上8种成分含量,结合主成分综合评分和聚类分析的化学计量学方法,对不同来源金花茶叶片生化成分进行综合评价。结果表明：8种成分含量在不同来源金花茶叶片中存在差异,其中无名金花茶8种成分含量均较高,四季金花茶、防城金花茶次之;8年生1—12月份采收的防城金花茶叶片中,总皂苷、总黄酮和总多糖含量均表现为升-降-升-降的变化规律,并在10月含量达到最高;5年生不同种（S1~S14）主成分综合评分顺序为：无名金花茶>四季金花茶>防城金花茶（花蕾大、花多、不抗寒、花黄且大、尖果）>显脉金花茶>凹脉金花茶>小果金花茶;8年生不同月份（S15~S26）主成分综合评分顺序为：10月采>2月采>3月采>4月采>5月采>7月采>6月采>1月采>8月采>12月采>11月采>9月采,其中无名金花茶、四季金花茶及防城金花茶中花蕾大、花多、花黄且大等表型的金花茶叶片与2—4月份和10月份采集的8年生金花茶叶片的多指标综合评分排序位列前10;聚类分析结果将供试26份样品分为5类。综上所述,金花茶叶片的生化成分与金花茶植物种类和采收期有关,无名金花茶、四季金花茶和防城金花茶中花蕾大、花多、不抗寒、花黄且大的表现型的综合生化成分较高,初步确定防城金花茶叶片的适宜采收期为2—4月份和10月份,所建立的多指标定量结合化学计量学分析方法为金花茶组植物叶片的生化成分评价提供依据。

Biochemical Components Evaluation and Optimal Harvest Period of the Leaves of Camellia Sect.Chrysantha

26 accessions including six species of golden camellia,different phenotypes of Camellia chrysantha and C.chrysantha collected in different months were selected as the research materials.The simultaneous determination of rutin,quercetin,luteolin and kaempferiae by HPLC and the determination of tea polyphenols,flavonoids,total polysaccharides and total saponins by ultraviolet spectrophotometric were established and optimized.The quality of leaves of golden camellia from different sources was comprehensively evaluated based on the combination of the principal component comprehensive scores and clustering analysis of the eight biochemical components.There were differences in the content of the eight components in different sources.The content of the eight components in C.nitidissima was higher,followed by that of C.perpetua and C.chrysantha.The content of total saponins,total flavonoids and total polysaccharides in 8-year-old C.chrysantha collected from January to December all showed the rule of ascend ing-descending-ascending-descending,and reached the highest value in October.The order of the principal component comprehensive score of the 5-year-old different species(S1-S14)was as follows:C.nitidissima>C.perpetua>C.chrysantha(large flowers,many flowers,not cold-resistant,yellow flowers and large,sharp fruits)>C.euphlebi>C.impressinervis>C.nitidissima var.microcarpa.The order of the comprehensive scores of the main ingredients of the 8-year-old havested in different months(S15-S26)was October>February>March>April>May>July>June>January>August>December>November>September.Besides,the ranking of the comprehensive scores of large buds,large flowers,multi-golden flower and February to April and October harvested C.chrysantha was higher and at the first 10 ranks.Cluster analysis classified the 26 accessions could be classified into five categories.In summary,the quality of golden camellia was affected by variety,tree age and harvest time.The comprehensive biochemical compositions of C.nitidissima,C.perpetua and C.chrysantha with phenotype of large flower buds,many flowers,not cold resisdence,yellow and big flowers was better.It approved that the best harvest period of C.chrysantha was from February to April and October.The established multi-index quantitative analysis combined with chemometric analysis would provide a reference for biochemical evaluation of golden camellia.