77份文心兰种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析

对文心兰77份种质资源的28个表型性状进行测定与评价,通过相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析获得其表型遗传多样性。结果表明：21个数量性状的遗传多样性指数均值达1.85,变化区间为1.36~2.07,其中数值最大为株幅（2.07）;在7个质量形状中,除叶色性状外的其他表型性状的多样性指数均大于1,均值为1.23,最大表现为唇瓣颜色（1.79）。相关性分析结果表明数量性状之间关系复杂,大部分性状之间呈现显著或极显著的正相关。主成分分析筛选出4个特征值大于1的主成分,累计贡献率达74.079%,由蕊柱长、中萼宽、花枝长、花朵数量、侧萼长和宽、唇瓣宽7个表型特征向量组成。聚类分析表明,文心兰种质划分为5大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群的15个品种为小株型,适合作为办公室小盆花;第Ⅳ类群由30个品种组成,为农艺性状综合表现良好,较适合做鲜切花的品种。研究结果可为文心兰新品种的培育及杂交亲本的选择提供理论基础。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Traits of 77 Oncidium Germplasm Resources

28 traits of 77 Oncidium germplasm resources were measured and evaluated. The correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the traits of Oncidium were used to obtain the phenotypic genetic diversity analysis results. The average value of genetic diversity index of 21 quantitative traits reached 1.85, and the variation range was 1.36 to 2.07, with the largest value being the plant width (2.07). In the quality shape, the diversity index of other phenotypic traits except leaf color traits was greater than 1, with an average value of 1.23, and the largest manifestation was the lip color (1.79). The correlation analysis results showed that the relationship between quantitative traits was complex, and most of the traits showed significant or extremely significant positive correlation. Four principal components with eigenvalue greater than 1 were screened out by principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 74.079%. It was mainly composed of Oncidium gynandrium length, middle sepal width, flowering branches length, number of flowers, sidesepal width, lip width, and sidesepal length phenotypic characteristics. The study could provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of new varieties of Oncidium and the selection of hybrid parents.