保存剂HB对鲜胶乳保存效果及生胶性能的影响

当前,生产上普遍采用氨作为鲜胶乳的保存剂,但氨具有很强的挥发性和刺激性,存在严重的污染问题。本研究采用一种水溶性、不挥发的丙二醇衍生物广谱杀菌剂（HB）与碳酸钠复配作为天然鲜胶乳的无氨复合保存剂,研究其对鲜胶乳保存效果及生胶性能的影响。结果表明,HB复合保存鲜胶乳挥发脂肪酸值上升速度远低于氨保存的样品,HB用量在0.12%~0.14%（质量分数）时鲜胶乳保存到第10天时挥发脂肪酸值依然低于0.1;HB保存生胶的6项指标均符合GB/T 8081—2008 标准中对于SCR5的要求,其中塑性保持率（PRI）高于氨保存生胶样品20个单位;HB保存硫化胶样品的物理机械性能优于氨保存硫化胶样品的物理机械性能,其中撕裂强度比氨保存硫化胶高出4.14~ 7.01 KN/m;此外,HB复合保存生胶样品玻璃化转变温度略高于氨保存生胶样品,热降解性能与氨保存生胶基本一致,分子量大小和分布与氨保存生胶相比差别也很小。因此,HB复合保存剂对天然鲜胶乳具有优异的保存效果,所制备的生胶具有良好的物理机械性能。

Effect of Preservative HB on Preservation Effect of Fresh Latex and Property of Raw Rubber

At present, ammonia is widely used in production to preserve the fresh latex. But ammonia has a very strong volatility and irritation, and there is a serious pollution problem. In this study, a water-soluble, non-volatile propanediol derivative broad-spectrum bactericide (HB) and sodium carbonate were used as an ammonia-free compound preservative for the field latex to study the effect on the preservation effect of fresh latex and the properties of raw rubber. The rising rate of volatile fatty acid value preserved by HB was much slower than that of the samples preserved by ammonia. When the dosage of HB was 0.12%-0.14% (w/w), the value of volatile fatty acids was still lower than 0.1 when the fresh latex was preserved to the 10th day. The six indexes of the HB preserved raw rubber all met the requirements of GB/T 8081—2008 SCR5, among which the plastic retention rate (PRI) was 20 units higher than that of the ammonia preserved raw rubber samples. The physical and mechanical properties of the HB preserved vulcanized rubber samples were better than those of the ammonia preserved vulcanized rubber samples, and the tear strength was 4.14-7.01 KN/m higher than that of the ammonia preserved vulcanized rubber samples. In addition, the glass transition temperature of the raw rubber samples preserved by HB was slightly higher than that of the raw rubber samples preserved by ammonia. The thermal degradation performance of the raw rubber preserved by HB was basically the same as the raw rubber preserved by ammonia, and the molecular weight and distribution of the raw rubber preserved by HB had little difference compared with the raw rubber preserved ammonia. Therefore, the HB has excellent preservation effect on the natural fresh latex, and the prepared raw rubber has good physical and mechanical properties.