种茎直接补种对甘蔗宿根性的影响——以2017年广西融水苗族自治县试验为例

研究以品种‘桂辐98-296’(‘GF98-296’)种茎直接补种‘桂柳05-136’(‘GL05-136’)宿根蔗地对甘蔗农艺性状及其经济效益的影响,以解决甘蔗宿根缺株断垄问题,为推广“种茎直接补种新技术”提供科学依据。试验设‘GF98-296’种茎直接补种‘GL05-136’宿根蔗地（处理A）、‘GL05-136’种茎直接补种‘GL05-136’宿根蔗地（处理B）、不补种自然状态下‘GL05-136’宿根蔗地（CK）,共3个处理;在‘GL05-136’宿根苗期2~4张叶片时期实施补种,到工艺成熟期调查3个处理甘蔗的农艺性状及其单位面积产量,并进行比较分析。结果表明：处理A产量为79.55 t/hm²,分别比CK、处理B增产19.29、13.91 t/hm²,增幅分别达32.01%、21.18%,且差异达极显著水平;处理B产量与CK差异不显著;直接补种不影响‘GL05-136’宿根蔗的发株、产量和蔗糖分;工艺成熟期时,‘GF98-296’蔗茎的蔗糖分与‘GL05-136’宿根蔗茎的相当。经济效益分析表明,以‘GF98-296’种茎直接补种‘GL05-136’宿根蔗地,蔗农增收5071.0元/hm²;制糖企业可增加工业产值15 573.0元/hm²。表明‘GF98-296’适宜作为‘GL05-136’宿根蔗地种茎直接补种品种,可进行大面积示范和推广。

Effects of Direct Replanting Seed Caneon Ratoon Sugarcane,a Case Study in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County,Guangxi in 2017

In order to explore the use of ‘GF98-296’ to solve the problem of seedlingless ridges in sugarcane roots, the effects on the agronomic traits of the directly replanted cane seed of ‘GF98-296’ in the ‘GL05-136’ ratoon were studied, which would provide a scientific basis for popularization and application. Three treatments including ‘GF98-296’ seed cane directly replanted in ‘GL05-136’ ratoon (A), ‘GL05-136’ seed cane directly replanted in ‘GL05-136’ ratoon (B) and ‘GL05-136’ natural ratoon (CK) were designed in this experiment. ‘GF98-296’ seed cane replanted was carried out in the 2-4 leaf stage of ‘GL05-136’ ratoon. The agronomic traits of the treatments were investigated and the economic benefits were analyzed in harvest stage. The yield of treatment A was 79.55 t/hm ², which increased 19.29 t/hm²and 13.91 t/hm², or 32.01% and 21.18%, respectively, compared with that of CK and treatment B, and the difference was extremely significant. There was no significant difference in yield between treatment B and CK. Direct replanting treatments did not affect the growth, yield and sucrose content of ‘GL05-136’ ratoon. The sucrose content of ‘GF98-296’ in treatment A was almost the same as that of ‘GL05-136’ ratoon at the technology maturity stage. Economic benefit analysis showed that sugarcane growers could increase income of 5071.0 yuan/hm ² and sugar enterprises increase industrial output of 15 573.0 yuan/hm² using ‘GF98-296’ seed cane directly replanting ‘GL05-136’ ratoon. The study indicated that ‘GF98-296’ was suitable for directly replanting ‘GL05-136’ ratoon, and this new technology should be extensively demonstrated and popularized.