砂仁‘湛砂11’苗期光合与叶绿素荧光特征

砂仁是姜科豆蔻属多年生草本植物,喜荫湿环境,光照是其生长发育的重要影响因子。为了解砂仁种质材料的光合特性,更好地对砂仁种质资源进行保护和利用。以‘湛砂11’的幼苗为材料,农家栽培种‘热科1’和‘热科2’为对照,使用SPAD-502Plus叶绿素仪、3051D光合仪和WALZ MINI-PAM-Ⅱ叶绿素仪,分别测定叶片的叶绿素含量（SPAD）、净光合速率（P_n）、电子传递速率（ETR）和光合有效量子产量（Y2）等参数,分析‘湛砂11’的光合特征和环境适应性。结果表明：‘湛砂11’叶片SPAD值为44,比‘热科1’高12.47 %、比‘热科2’低18.59 %;叶片净光合速率（P_n）为12.19 µmol/(m²·s),分别是‘热科1’和‘热科2’的1.63倍和5.11倍,极显著高于对照,蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）和水分利用效率（WUE）显著高于‘热科2’。光合有效辐射在10~1082 µmol/(m²·s)条件下,叶片电子传递速率（ETR）随光合有效辐射的增强而上升,‘湛砂11’的ETR比‘热科1’和‘热科2’的高,说明‘湛砂11’的PSII具有强的光电子传递能力。因此,‘湛砂11’具有较好的光合特性,将光能转化为电子流的能力和潜在光合能力较强,且具有较广的光辐射范围,适宜荫蔽度较低的生长环境。

Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics at Seedling Stage of Amomum villosum Lour ‘Zhansha11’

Amomum villosum Lour is a perennial herbaceous plant of Cardamom genus of Zingiberaceae. The ripe and full fruit of Amomum amomum Lour is one of the four southern medicines in China, which has the effects of warming the spleen, invigorating the stomach, regulating qi and calming the fetus, etc., with extremely high medicinal and economic value. Amomum villosum Lour is adapted to grow in a shady and humid environment, and light is an important factor affecting growth and development of Amomum villosum Lour. Therefore, we should be familiar with the photosynthetic characteristics of Amomum villosum Lour to better protect and utilize germplasm resources. In this paper, using SPAD-502 PLUS chlorophyll meter, 3051D photosynthetic meter and WALZ MINI-PAM-Ⅱ chlorophyll fluorescence meter, the seedlings of ‘Zhansha 11’ were used as materials to determine the parameters such as chlorophyll content (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (P_n), electron transfer rate (ETR) and photosynthetic available quantum yield (Y2), the farmyard cultivation species ‘Reke 1’ and ‘Reke 2’ as the control, analysis of photosynthetic characteristics and environmental adaptability of ‘Zhansha 11’. The results showed that the leaf SPAD value of ‘Zhansha 11’ was 44, which was between the two controls, 12.47% higher than that of ‘Reke 1’ and 18.59% lower than that of ‘Reke 2’; The net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of ‘Zhansha 11’ was 12.19 µmol/(m²·s), which was 1.63 times and 5.11 times higher than that of ‘Reke 1’ and ‘Reke 2’, and was significantly higher than that of the controls; Transpiration rate (T_r) and stomatal conductance (G_s) of ‘Zhansha 11’ were significantly higher than ‘Reke 2’. Electron transfer rate increased with the increase of photosynthetical active radiation at 10-1082 µmol/(m²·s), and the electron transfer rate of ‘Zhansha 11’ was higher than that of ‘Reke 1’ and ‘Reke 2’, indicates that the photosynthetic system II of ‘Zhansha 11’ has high photoelectron transfer capability. In conclusion, ‘Zhansha 11’ has optimal photosynthetic characteristics, strong ability to transform light energy into electron flow and potential photosynthetic capacity, and has a wide range of light radiation; which is suitable for the growth environment with low shade. The results provided a theoretical basis for the production and cultivation of ‘Zhansha 11’. At the same time, the photosynthetic characteristics of ‘Zhansha 11’ were compared with those of farmyard cultivation species, which provided scientific basis for the selection of ‘Zhansha 11’, and guided the breeding of excellent varieties of Amomum villosum Lour.