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海南岛兰科植物区系的组成及其特征
引用本文:余文刚,金志强,罗毅波,宋希强.海南岛兰科植物区系的组成及其特征[J].热带作物学报,2007,28(2):108-114.
作者姓名:余文刚  金志强  罗毅波  宋希强
作者单位:1. 中国热带农业科学院热带作物生物技术国家重点实验室,海口,571101;中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京,100093
2. 中国热带农业科学院热带作物生物技术国家重点实验室,海口,571101
3. 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京,100093
4. 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京,100093;华南热带农业大学园艺学院,海南,儋州,571737
摘    要:海南岛是我国兰科植物分布最集中的地区之一,目前已发现有78属214种。其中,中国特有种31种(包括海南特有种14种),非中国特有种但在中国仅见于海南岛的有20种。种数在10种以上的属有羊耳蒜属(Liparis)、石斛属(Dendrobium)、毛兰属(Eria)、石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum)和兰属(Cymbidium)。海南岛兰科植物属的地理成分可划分为12个分布型和变型,其中热带亚洲成分占总属数的51.3%,热带分布属有71属,占绝对优势。海南岛兰科植物的生活型多样,附生兰有43属,地生兰有32属,腐生兰5属(其中羊耳蒜属和兰属中存在附生和地生2种生活型)。多个种在叶型和花色上变异较大,可作为优良育种材料。与邻近地区相比,海南岛兰科植物与西双版纳共有属最多(为56属),其次依序为台湾、广东、广西和福建。虽然海南岛与台湾和西双版纳同处热带北缘,受热带季风气候影响,但其兰科植物在属、物种和特有种的数量上比后两者要少。总的说来,海南岛的兰科植物区系较为多样,与亚洲热带兰科植物区系亲缘关系密切。

关 键 词:海南岛  兰科植物  区系组成  地理分布
修稿时间:2006-03-28

Analysis of Floristic Composition and Characteristics of Wild Orchids in Hainan Island
Yu Wengang,Jin Zhiqiang,Luo Yibo,Song Xiqiang.Analysis of Floristic Composition and Characteristics of Wild Orchids in Hainan Island[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2007,28(2):108-114.
Authors:Yu Wengang  Jin Zhiqiang  Luo Yibo  Song Xiqiang
Institution:1 State Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101 ;2 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093 ;3 College of Horticulture, South China University of Tropical Agriculture Danzhou Hainan 571737
Abstract:Hainan Island,one of the most important centers of wild orchids in China,has 78 genera and 214 orchid species,of which 31 species are endemic to China(including 14 species endemic to Hainan)and 20 species are found only in Hainan Island despite that they are not endemic to China.The main genera are Liparis,Dendrobium,Eria,Bulbophyllum and Cymbidium in this area,each of which has more than 10 species.The aerial types of genera of this orchid flora could be divided into 12 types and subtypes.Among them,the tropical Asian(Indo-Malesian)type is the most abundant one,comprising 51.3 % of all local wild orchid species.There are 71 tropical genera of wild orchids in Hainan Island,accounting for 91.0 % of the total genera.The life forms of Hainan orchids are rich,with 43 genera epiphytic,32 terrestrial and 5 saprophytic genera(Liparis and Cymbidium have the life forms of terrestrial and epiphytic species,respectively).Some wild orchid species in Hainan Island showed high variation in the shape of leaves and the flower colors,and could be considered as having the potential valuable for orchid flower industry.Compared with the neighboring regions,the wild orchid flora in Hainan Island is closely related to that in Xishuangbanna(shared 56 genera),followed by that in Taiwan,Guangdong,Guangxi and Fujian.Although Hainan Island,Xishuangbanna and Taiwan are influenced by tropical monsoon climate,the wild orchid flora in Hainan Island has a lower diversity of genera,species and endemic species.
Keywords:Hainan Island orchids floristic composition geographical distribution
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