‘中蕉9号’在不同移栽期下的产量及品质比较

引进镰刀菌枯萎病4号生理小种高抗品种‘中蕉9号’,在广西南宁1—10月不同时段移栽,以‘桂蕉1号’作为对照,并观察其生长特性、产量和果实品质等表现,以期为广西优异抗病品种的选择提供参考。结果表明,与当地传统品种‘桂蕉1号’相比,‘中蕉9号’在广西种植有较大的产量优势,其平均产量较‘桂蕉1号’高16.2%;2月15日及10月1日移栽期处理产量最高。不同移栽期的‘中蕉9号’生育期较‘桂蕉1号’长140~181 d,且其夏秋季种植较冬春季种植生育期平均延长161 d,主要是由于抽蕾推迟。此外,‘中蕉9号’假茎粗壮,在抽蕾前有较高的叶片光合势和叶面积指数,是其生物量和产量形成的基础。品质方面,1月1日移栽的‘中蕉9号’果实催熟后总糖和可滴定酸含量较‘桂蕉1号’分别高出29.0%和63.0%,而脂肪含量显著低于‘桂蕉1号’,‘中蕉9号’果实表现出高糖、高酸、低脂的特点。综上,‘中蕉9号’在广西种植有一定产量优势,但生育期较长,抽蕾晚,冬春季2月15日移栽可获得高产的同时缩短生育期,但仍需进一步在病区试验种植观察其综合表现。

Comparison of Yield Formation and Quality of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9 ’ under Different Transplanting Dates

‘Zhongjiao No. 9’, a new banana variety with high resistance to ‘fusarium wilt No. 4’, was introduced and transplanted in different dates from January to October in Nanning, Guangxi, China, and its growth characteristics, yield and quality were observed in order to provide references for the selection of disease-resistant varieties in Guangxi. ‘Guijiao No. 1’ was used as the control, a traditional variety in Guangxi, and the plant growth characteristics, yield and fruit quality of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9’ and ‘Guijiao No. 1’ under different transplanting dates were determined. The results showed that: ‘Zhongjiao No. 9’ had a greater yield advantage than ‘Guijiao No. 1’. The average yield of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9’ was 16.2% higher than that of ‘Guijiao No. 1’. ‘Zhongjiao No. 9’ had higher yield under transplanting date of Feb. 15^stand Oct. 1^st. The growth period of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9’ under different transplanting dates was 140~181 d longer than that of ‘Guijiao No. 1’, and its growth period under summer and autumn planting was 161 d longer than that under winter and spring planting on average, mainly due to bud squaring delayed. Besides, compared with ‘Guijiao No. 1’, ‘Zhongjiao No. 9’ had longer growth period, later bud squaring, higher leaf photosynthetic potential and leaf area index before budding, which were the basis of its biomass and yield formation. In terms of quality, the content of total sugar and titratable acid of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9’ under transplanting dates of Jan. 1^st was 29.0% and 63.0% higher than that of ‘Guijiao No. 1’ after fruit ripening, respectively. The fat content of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9’ was significantly lower than that of ‘Guijiao No. 1’. Therefore, the fruit of ‘Zhongjiao No. 9’ after ripening showed high sugar, acid and low fat. In conclusion, ‘Zhongjiao No. 9’ had a certain yield advantage in Guangxi, but its growth period was longer and the bud was later than ‘Guijiao No. 1’. Transplanting on Feb. 15^st in winter and spring could achieve high yield and shorten the growth period for ‘Zhongjiao No. 9’, but it is still necessary to further observe its comprehensive performance in the disease area.