有机肥部分替代化肥对甘蓝生长、品质及土壤状况的影响

为探明化肥的减施并增施有机肥对甘蓝生长的影响,改善因施用过量化肥导致的蔬菜品质下降、肥料利用率降低和土地盐碱化等问题。本试验在冬闲田种植条件下,以鸡心甘蓝‘探春’为试验材料,采用田间小区（100%化肥、75%化肥+25%有机肥、50%化肥+50%有机肥）试验方法研究化肥减量及有机肥增施对甘蓝生长、品质以及土壤状况的影响。结果表明,化肥减量同时增施一定量有机肥对甘蓝产量和生物量无显著影响;随着有机肥施用量的增加,甘蓝横径有显著增加;随着有机肥施用比重的增加,硝酸盐含量逐渐从26.3 mg/kg降至17.7 mg/kg,亚硝酸盐含量从0.86 mg/kg降至0.60 mg/kg;同时土壤放线菌数量显著提高至300.99×10⁴CFU/g,土壤真菌数量显著降低至149.99×10³CFU/g;减施化肥显著提高了土壤pH（土壤pH提高至7.03）,土壤有机质含量无显著变化。可见,有机肥部分替代化肥可满足甘蓝生长过程中对肥料的需求,T50处理的甘蓝能够在化肥减量50%的情况下保持产量与品质不下降,同时提高土壤状况与放线菌数量,是相同条件下冬闲田甘蓝栽培一种稳产合理的施肥模式。

Effects of Partial Substitution of Organic Fertilizer for Chemical Fertilizer on Growth,Quality and Soil Condition of Cabbage

The study was aimed to investigate the effect of reducing fertilizer application and increasing organic fertilizer application on cabbage growth, and to improve the problems of vegetable quality decline, fertilizer utilization rate reduction and soil salinization caused by excessive fertilizer application, etc. Under the condition of winter fallow field planting, taking chicken heart cabbage ‘Tanchun’ as the test material, the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer increase on cabbage growth, quality and soil condition were studied by field plots (100% chemical fertilizer, 75% chemical fertilizer+25% organic fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer+50% organic fertilizer). The results showed that the reduction of chemical fertilizer and the addition of a certain amount of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on cabbage yield and biomass. With the increase of organic fertilizer application, the transverse diameter of cabbage increased significantly. With the increase of specific gravity of organic fertilizer application, nitrate content gradually decreased from 26.3 mg/kg to 17.7 mg/kg, and nitrite content decreased from 0.86 mg/kg to 0.60 mg/kg. At the same time, the number of soil actinomycetes increased significantly to 300.99×10⁴ CFU/g, and the number of soil fungi decreased significantly to 149.99×10³ CFU/g. Reducing fertilizer application significantly increased the soil pH value, and the soil pH value increased to 7.03, which had no significant effect on the content of soil organic matter. Partial substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer could meet the demand for fertilizer during cabbage growth. The cabbage treated with T50 could keep the yield and quality unchanged under the condition of 50% reduction of chemical fertilizer and at the same time improve the soil condition and the number of actinomycetes. It is a stable and reasonable fertilization mode for cabbage cultivation in winter fallow fields under the same conditions.