有机肥替代部分化肥对‘桂甜糯525’产量品质和土壤环境的影响

本研究通过田间试验,以不施肥为对照（T1）,设置单施化肥（T2）和不同有机肥替代部分化肥（T3和T4）3个施肥处理,研究不同有机肥替代部分化肥对玉米产质量和土壤环境的影响。结果显示,施肥处理下玉米植株的农艺性状均优于不施肥处理,与单施化肥相比,施用有机肥能更好地促进玉米植株的生长,其中T3处理玉米植株的茎粗和叶片长较T2显著（P<0.05,下同）提高11.94%和4.53%;施肥能显著提高玉米产量,较不施肥可显著提高14.27%~17.17%;施用有机肥能提高玉米鲜果穗性状和品质,其中T3处理穗长较T2显著提高7.12%;与T2处理相比,T4处理的籽粒蛋白质含量较T3显著提高7.21%,T3处理籽粒的可溶性糖含量较T1和T4处理显著提高61.54%和77.97%;T3处理土壤中的有机质含量较单施化肥显著提高64.52%。各指标相关性分析中,籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量与总氮含量呈显著正相关（r=0.868,P<0.01）,说明有机肥可通过提高玉米对氮的吸收从而促进籽粒中蛋白质和脂肪等营养成分的积累。综上,有机肥替代部分化肥相比于不施肥和单施化肥能更好的促进玉米植株的生长,且在保证产量的同时能提高果穗品质,增加土壤有机质含量,可作为区域化肥减施下春玉米提质保产的推荐施肥方案。

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Part of Chemical Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Soil Environment with ‘Guitiannuo 525’

In this study, the effects of different organic fertilizers on corn yield quality and soil environment were studied with no fertilizer (T1), chemical fertilizers (T2) and different organic fertilizers replacing partial chemical fertilizers (T3 and T4) by field experiments. The agronomic traits of maize plants under fertilizer treatments were better than those under T1. Compared with T2, the growth of maize plants was promoted under organic fertilizer treatment (T3 and T4). The stem diameter and leaf length of maize plants under T3 treatment were significantly increased compared with T2 (P<0.05, the same below) by 11.94% and 4.53%, respectively. Compared with the control, the maize yield could be significantly increased with 14.27%-17.17% under fertilizer treatments, but it was insignificant (P>0.05, the same below) between T2-T4. Compared with T2, the ear length of T3 was significantly increased 7.12%, the protein and fat content under T4 were significantly increased with 7.21% compare with T3, and the soluble sugar content under T3 was significantly increased with 61.54% and 77.97% compare with that of T1 and T4, and the organic matter content in soil were increased by 64.52% and 27.38% under T3 and T4, respectively. In the correlation analysis of all indexes, the content of protein and fat in kernel was significantly positively correlated with the content of total nitrogen (r = 0.868, P <0.01), which indicated that the accumulation of protein, fat and other nutrients in kernels could be promoted by improving the absorption of nitrogen. In conclusion, the growth of corn plants, ear quality and content of soil organic matter were be improved under organic fertilizers replacing partial chemical fertilizers, which could be used as the recommended fertilization strategy for improving the quality and yield of spring maize under regional fertilizer application reduction.