3个野生近缘种与不同栽培蕉的杂交亲和性

雌、雄性高度不育等因素导致现有栽培蕉遗传基础狭窄、抗逆力衰退,杂交育种是拓展其遗传多样性并改良关键农艺性状的重要途径,但国内外鲜见相对系统的研究报道。为了寻找可杂交利用的父、母本材料,本研究对3份野生父本材料Musa acuminata、Musa balbisiana和Musa cheesmani的花粉活力进行检测,然后以5类栽培蕉,即香芽蕉（AAA）、粉蕉（AAB）、大蕉（AAB）、龙牙蕉（ABB）和皇帝蕉（AA）的多份代表性品种为母本,两两组合进行杂交,检测不同组合的结籽率、种子萌发率、正常苗率。结果表明：母本基因组型为ABB的品种均可结籽;与另外2份野生蕉相比,M. balbisiana作为父本时结籽率、种子萌发率和正常苗率3项指标总体上最为理想;近缘野生种M. cheesmani与栽培品种杂交可以获得后代。本研究较为系统地开展了香蕉杂交试验,取得了多项数据,可为国内外尤其是国内正在兴起的香蕉杂交育种研究提供参考。

Cross-compatibility among Three Wild Banana Species and Various Cultivars

The majority of banana cultivars are male sterility, which give rise to the lack of banana diversity and varieties recession in resistance. The cross-breeding deserves a good strategy for the improvement of genetic diversity and agronomic traits. In order to find out the genotypes qualified as male and female parents, we conducted large-scale cross-breeding among three wild relatives and various cultivars. The pollen activity was examined for the wild relatives of Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis (AA), Musa balbisiana (BB) and Musa cheesmani. The pollen staining rate (> 63%) was high for all species. Popular cultivars Musa AAA, Musa AAB, Musa ABB including Pisang Awark and Da jiao, Musa AA were cross-bred with the wild relatives (male). The seed set, seed generation and seedling morphological trait were observed to evaluate the cross-compatibility of different combinations. Only Musa ABB could set seeds. The seed set, seed generation and seedling morphological trait for M. balbisiana were much better. M. cheesmani was compatible with some cultivars. The study would provide reference dataset for worldwide banana researchers.