中国香蕉枯萎病地区栽培种多样性生产成本与效益分析

自从我国1996年发生香蕉枯萎病4号小种以来，病害以几何级数在我国主要的香蕉产区扩展，使传统的香牙蕉种植区域严重衰退，我国适宜种植香蕉的地方逐渐减少。本文通过大蕉、广粉1号粉蕉、粉杂1号粉蕉、贡蕉、海贡蕉等有市场开发潜力的香蕉栽培品种与传统巴西香牙蕉的生产与效益的比较分析发现，在每公顷投入3.0万～7.5 万元条件下，种植香蕉获利1.5万～7.5万元。通过商品价值链以及经济特性的反馈，揭示香蕉各品种生产优势以及市场开发潜力，以及存在问题，为进一步发展香蕉品种多样性生产，提出栽培技术以及研发改良建议，从而使

Production Costs and Benefits of Banana Production in Wilt Disease Areas

Banana plantations were ruined by Fusarium wilt race 1(Foc. R1) in Panama 50 years ago, since the popular cultivar Gros Michel is susceptible to Foc. R1. Fortunately, the resistant cultivar Cavendish replaced Gros Michel after ten years' researches. Banana industry develops very fast in recent years in China due to its good economic profit. Unfortunately, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense 'tropical' race 4 (Foc. TR4) brought disaster to Cavendish plantation since 1996. Most of traditional banana planting zones of Guangdong and Hainan provinces were infected by Foc. TR 4. The cost-benefit and disease resistance of six banana cultivars (Cavendish Baxijiao, Dajiao, Guangfen No. 1, Fenzha No. 1, Gongjiao, Haigongjiao) planted in China are analyzed. Comparisons were conducted on their economic characteristics, cost structure, benefit composition, as well as the advantage and disadvantage and their application in rotation. Generally, a good economic profit of$2200~11000/hm2 can be attained with the investment of $4400~11000/hm2. Rotation of these cultivars can maintain the biodiversity as well as the sustainable development of banana industry.