5种黔引百里香的形态特征和蒸馏法提取精油的化学型比较研究

对生长在贵州的5种百里香资源进行生物学性状鉴定,并利用水蒸气蒸馏法和气相-质谱联用技术提取分析精油成分。结果表明:5种百里香的茎、叶和花的形态色泽差异明显,大致分为直立型(黔引1#和2#)和匍匐型(黔引3#、4#和5#)2种。精油含量介于0.17%~0.67%,以1#百里香的精油含量最高。5种百里香精油中含有16~34种挥发性物质,占到各自总挥发性成分的93.00%~99.41%。根据精油含有的主要化学物质可以将5种百里香分为3类,第一类为百里香酚型,包括2#、3#和4#百里香,其主要成分百里香酚含量依次为46.10%、29.80%和40.00%;第二类为α-乙酸松油酯型,包含1#百里香,主要成分α-乙酸松油酯含量为42.24%;第三类为香叶醇型,包含5#百里香,主要成分香叶醇含量为45.31%。 

Botanical Characters and Composition of Essential Oils from Five Varieties of Thyme Grown in Guizhou Area

In this study, the botanical characteristics of five varieties of thyme grown in Guizhou area were investigated  and the essential oils were extracted with steam distillation, and its constituents were  analyzed with GC-MS.  The  results showed that distinct differences were existed among these thyme varieties in the shape and  color of  stems,  leaves and flowers. And the five varieties were basically divided into two groups: the erect type (group 1) including Qianyin 1# and Qianyin 2#, and the prostrate type (group 2) including Qianyin 3#, Qianyin 4# and Qianyin 5#.  The content of essential oils isolated from the five varieties  ranged  from  0.17%  to  0.67% ,  and  the  yield  of  essential oil in Qianyin 1# was the highest. Sixteen to 34 chemical compounds were identified in the five kinds of essential oils, which accounting for 93.00% ~99.41% of the total volatile substances. According to the dominant compounds in the essential oils, the five thyme varieties were distributed into three chemotypes: the first type is     thymol chemotype, including 2#, 3# and 4#. The content of thymol in  the  varieties  was  46.10% ,  29.80%  and  40.00% , respectively. The second type is α -terpinyl acetate chemotype, including  1#  with  42.24%  α -terpinyl  acetate, while the third type is geraniol chemotype, including 5# with 45.31% geraniol.