甘蔗花芽分化及花序发育过程的石蜡切片显微观察与分析

常规杂交是甘蔗遗传改良的主要手段,开花诱导是亲本杂交的关键。花芽分化和花序发育对甘蔗开花至关重要,但目前笔者们对这一过程还缺少必要的了解。本研究以当前甘蔗主栽品种粤糖93-159为材料,对其茎尖分生区花芽分化及花序发育过程进行石蜡切片显微观察。结果显示,甘蔗开花过程可明显划分为6个阶段:营养生长阶段——甘蔗分生区维持营养生长;花芽分化阶段——生长锥分生区膨大,产生花序分生组织;枝梗分化阶段——分生区周围的褶皱分化产生一次、二次枝梗分生组织;小穗/小花原基分化阶段——沿枝梗产生的小穗分生组织分化出2朵小花分生组织;花器官分化阶段——小花分生组织分化形成典型花器官;成熟阶段——抽穗开花,可以授粉。此结果揭示了甘蔗花发育分化过程中的组织形态变化,可为甘蔗开花机理的深入研究提供参考。 

Analysis and Microscopic Observation of Paraffin Sections of Sugarcane Inflorescence Initiation and Differentiation

Conventional crossing is the main approach for sugarcane genetic improvement, and flowering inducing is essential. Inflorescence initiation and differentiation are crucial stages in sugarcane flowering, but little is known about about the processes. In the study, the shoot apical meristematic tissue of YT93-159 was sampled, and the microscopic observation of paraffin sections was carried out during the inflorescence initiation and differentiation stages. The flowering process of sugarcane could be clearly divided into six stages: Vegetative growth, in which the meristematic zone maintaining vegetative growth; Inflorescence initiation, in which the growth cone expanding, producing inflorescence meristematic tissue; Branch differentiation, in which the meristematic folds producing the primary and the secondary branch tissue; Spikelet/floret primordia differentiation, in which spikelet meristems occuring along the branch stems and differentiating into two flower meristem; Floral organ differentiation, in which floral meristems differentiating to form typical organs of flowers; Mature stage-heading and flowering, in which pollination available. The results of the study revealed the morphological changes during the developmental process of sugarcane flowers, which could benefit further research on the  flowering mechanism in sugarcane.