超临界和水蒸气提取高良姜精油及纯露的成分研究

以高良姜为原料,采用超临界CO₂提取技术和水蒸气提取技术提取高良姜精油和纯露,分析比较精油和纯露的提取率及外观颜色,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术对精油和纯露进行成分分析。结果表明,超临界CO₂提取技术提取的精油和纯露提取率均高于水蒸气技术提取的提取率,纯露外观颜色无差异;两种方法提取的精油和纯露在化学成分种类和相对含量上有差异,超临界CO₂提取技术提取鉴定出高良姜精油成分35种,纯露成分20种,水蒸气提取鉴定精油成分29种,纯露成分19种;1,8-桉叶素在超临界CO₂提取的精油相对含量为15.49%,在水蒸气提取的精油相对含量中为10.61%;超临界CO₂提取纯露含量最高的为柠檬烯,相对含量为68.50%;水蒸气提取纯露含量最高的为1,8-桉叶素,相对含量为31.83%。实验结果可为高良姜精油和纯露的提取提供理论依据。

Composition of Essential oils and Hydrosols Acquired from Alpinia officinarum Hance by Supercritical CO2 Extraction and Steam Extraction

The essential oils and hydrosols were acquired from Alpinia officinalis Hance by supercritical CO₂ extraction and steam extraction, and the extraction rate and appearance color of the oils and hydrosols were analyzed. The components of the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the yield of the essential oil and hydrosols extracted by supercritical CO₂ was higher than that by steam extraction, and there was no difference in the appearance color of hydrosols. There were 35 components of essential oils and 20 components of hydrosols extracted by supercritical CO₂ technology, and 29 components of essential oil and 19 components of hydrosols extracted by steam extraction. The components extracted by the two methods were different. The relative content of 1,8-eucalyptin in the oils extracted by supercritical fluid was 15.49%, and that extracted by steam was 10.61%. The highest content of hydrosols extracted by supercritical fluid was limonene, with a relative content of 68.50%. The highest content of hydrosols extracted by steam was 1,8-eucalyptin, with a relative content of 31.83%. The experimental results could provide a theoretical basis for the extraction of essential oils and hydrosols of A. officinalis Hance.