合理密植下强分蘖甘蔗品种性状及产量分析

甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum L.)是以收获茎秆为主的重要糖料作物,分蘖是增加有效茎进而提高甘蔗单产和产糖量的关键。本研究以强分蘖甘蔗品种‘B9’为试验材料,设置4个不同种植密度(P1:4000芽/667 m^2、P2:6000芽/667 m^2、P3:8000芽/667 m^2和P4:10 000芽/667 m^2),通过1年新植和1年宿根的田间小区试验,探讨种植密度对强分蘖甘蔗品种性状及产量形成的影响,并分析它们之间的相关关系。结果表明:增加种植密度,新植和宿根甘蔗分蘖盛期的总苗数呈上升趋势,但新植与宿根甘蔗总苗数的差异却在缩小,平均分别为25.55%、14.11%、-8.18%和-10.57%;宿根蔗株高显著大于新植蔗的株高,平均增幅分别为17.31%、10.54%、19.44%、14.88%,但茎径几乎不受种植密度的影响;新植蔗有效茎和产量随种植密度增加而增加(P2的除外),且多于宿根蔗的,但其产量却表现相反的结果,即宿根蔗总体表现增产;低密度(P1)和高密度(P4)间的锤度差异显著,并表现降低趋势。在试验条件下甘蔗产量形成过程中,种植密度与甘蔗分蘖盛期的总苗数、株高、有效茎和产量呈正相关,与茎径和田间锤度为负相关,且株高与有效茎对产量的贡献最为显著,但过多的有效茎明显不利于田间锤度提高。因此,这意味着合理密植对强分蘖甘蔗品种的产量和品质形成极其重要。

Analysis of Rational Close Planting with Agronomic Ttraits and Yield in Intense Tillering Ability Augarcane Variety

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important sugar crop harvested mainly for millable canes. Tillering is the key to increase the millable canes thereby increasing per unit area yield and sugar yield. In this paper, sugarcane variety ‘B9’ (intense tillering ability) was planted in field plots treated with 4 different planting densities, i.e. 4000 buds/667 m ² (P1), 6000 buds/667 m ² (P2), 8000 buds/667 m ² (P3), and 10 000 buds/667 m ² (P4), and the plot experiment of one year new planting and one year sugarcane ratoon root was carried out to discuss the effects of planting density on the characters and yield of the sugarcane variety of intense tillering ability, and to analyze the correlation between them. The results showed that, the total seedlings number of planting cane and ratoon cane in the vigorous tillering period increased with increasing planting density, but the difference between them decreased with an average of 25.55%, 14.11%, -8.18% and -10.57%, respectively. The height of ratoon cane was significantly higher than that of planting cane, with an average increase of 17.31%, 10.54%, 19.44% and 14.88%, but the stem diameter was almost unaffected by planting density. Except the result of P2, the millable canes and yield of planting cane increased with the increase of planting density, and although millable canes of planting cane was more than that of ratoon cane, but its yield showed an opposite result. The difference of Brix between low planting density (P1) and high planting density (P4) was significant and showed a decreasing trend. In the process of yield formation under our test conditions, planting density was positively correlated with the total number of sugarcane seedlings at the vigorous tillering stage, plant height, millable canes and yield, negatively correlated with stem diameter and Brix, and then the contribution of plant height and millable canes to yield was the most significant, but too many millable canes were not obviously good for Brix in sugarcane. Therefore, the results indicate that the rational close planting is very important for the formation of yield and quality of the sugarcane variety of intense tillering ability.