广东花生黑腐病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂的室内毒力测定

花生黑腐病是花生的重要病害,对生产造成严重影响,被列为我国进境植物检疫性病害。为明确花生黑腐病的病原菌种类和筛选有效防治药剂,采用形态学特征与分子生物学技术相结合的方法,对花生黑腐病害进行了病原菌鉴定,同时采用菌丝生长速率法测定了8种杀菌剂对花生黑腐病菌的抑制作用。结果表明：花生黑腐病害的病原菌为冬青丽赤壳Calonectria iliciola。8种杀菌剂室内毒力测定结果显示,10%戊唑醇EC对花生黑腐病菌的毒力最强,EC₅₀值为1.12 μg/mL;300 g/L苯甲·丙环唑EC、29%吡萘嘧菌酯SC、25%咯菌腈SC、15%吡唑嘧菌酯SC和22.5%啶氧菌酯SC对花生黑腐病菌也有较好的抑制作用,EC₅₀均低于10 μg/mL;30%精甲恶霉灵的抑制作用最差,EC₅₀值为76.71 μg/mL。以上研究结果可为花生黑腐病的防治提供理论依据。

Pathogen Identification and Fungicide-screening of the Peanut Black Rot

Peanut black rot is an severe disease on peanuts, which has a serious impact on production. It is also a quarantine plant disease in China. To identify the pathogen of peanut rot and get the effective fungicide which can inhibit the mycelium growth of the pathogen, the pathogen of peanut black rot was identified by colony characteristics, morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analysis. The inhibitory effect of 8 fungicides on C. iliciola was determined by the mycelium growth rate method. The results showed that the pathogen of peanut black rot was Calonectria iliciola. 10% Tebuconazole was the best fungicide to inhibit the mycelium growth of C. iliciola, and the EC₅₀ value was 1.12 μg/mL. 300 g/L Difenoconazole·propiconazol EC, 29% isopyrazam·azoxystrobin SC, 25% Fludioxonil SC, 15% pyraclostrobin SC and 22.5% picoxystrobin could inhibit SC the mycelium growth of C. iliciola, and the EC₅₀ value was under 10 μg/mL. 30% metalaxy-hymexazol was the worst fungicide to the mycelium growth of C. iliciola and the EC₅₀ value was 76.71 μg/mL. The results above could provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of black rot of peanut.