氮磷钾配方施肥提升天然橡胶生胶性能

以8a生长的PR107橡胶树为研究对象,采用正交实验设计,研究氮、磷、钾肥配施对天然橡胶生胶性能及分子量的影响。结果表明:不同种类和水平的施肥处理对干胶含量有显著的影响,不同肥料对干胶含量最优施肥组合为尿素300 g/株、过磷酸钙250 g/株、氯化钾75 g/株;对生胶塑性初值的最优施肥组合为尿素0 g/株、过磷酸钙375 g/株、氯化钾25 g/株;对门尼黏度的最优施肥组合为尿素0 g/株、过磷酸钙250 g/株、氯化钾25 g/株;对生胶塑性保持率的最优施肥组合尿素200g/株、过磷酸钙375g/株、氯化钾50g/株。施肥对橡胶的分子量均有显著影响,对橡胶数均分子量(Mn)的最优施肥组合为尿素0g/株、过磷酸钙125g/株、氯化钾25g/株,对橡胶重均分子量(Mw)、黏均分子量(Mv)的最优组合施肥量为尿素300 g/株、过磷酸钙250 g/株、氯化钾25 g/株。在生产橡胶或胶乳制品时,可根据不同制品的需求选择合适的种植环境及施肥措施的橡胶树胶乳作为原材料,使制品性能达到最优。

Formula Fertilizing of N,P and K Promoted Properties of Natural Rubber

The effects of NPK fertilizer applying on the properties and molecular weight of natural rubber were studied using an orthogonal test design on the eight years PR107 rubber trees. Different types and levels of fertilization had a significant effect on dry rubber content. The optimum combination of dry rubber content was urea 300 g/plant, calcium superphosphate 250 g/plant, and KCl 75 g/plant. The optimum combination of P₀ was calcium superphosphate: 375 g/ plant, KCl 25 g/plant, and that of mooney viscosity was calcium superphosphate 250 g/plant, KCl 25 g/plant, but none of urea for both of them. The optimum combination of PRI was urea 200 g/plant, calcium superphosphate 375 g/plant, and KCl 50 g/plant. Fertilization also had a significant effect on the molecular weight of rubber, and the optimum combination of Mn was calcium superphosphate 125 g/plant, KCl 25 g/plant, but none of urea. The optimum combination of Mw and Mv was urea 300 g/plant, calcium superphosphate 250 g/plant, and KCl 25 g/plant. When producing rubber or latex products, suitable planting environment and fertilization measures could be chosen to produce raw materials according to the requirements of different products.