水氮胁迫对玉米产量和氮素吸收和运移的影响

2011~2012年在吉林公主岭试验区可移动防雨棚内进行两年微区试验,探讨水氮胁迫对玉米产量及氮素的吸收和分配的影响。结果表明,全生育期灌水300 mm情况下,玉米产量随施氮量的增加而增加;水分胁迫(灌水100 mm)情况下,玉米产量随施氮量的增加而减少。植株氮积累总量成熟期最高,氮素在营养器官中的比例最高时期是拔节期,生殖器官含氮比例最高在吐丝期,子粒的含氮百分比最高时期是吐丝后15 d。水氮胁迫条件下,氮素转运率、贡献率均下降,仅氮胁迫转运率和贡献率增加。相同灌水量情况下,子粒吸收氮素量与施氮量显著正相关;水分胁迫条件下,表观土壤水分利用效率随施氮量的增加而下降,正常供水则相反;水分胁迫下的土壤水分利用效率极显著高于正常供水。

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Stress on Maize Yield and Nitrogen Intake Transport

In order to study the effect of water and nitrogen stress on maize yield and nitrogen intake and transport. The micro plot experiment was carried in mobile rainproof shed of Gongzhuling city in 2011-2012 years. The test results showed that, maize yield increased with increasing amount of nitrogen in the conditions of irrigation 300 mm growth period. However maize yield decreased with the creasing of nitrogen in case water stress(100 mm irrigation). For the nitrogen accumulation, the total nitrogen accumulation per plant was the highest in maturity. The percentage of nitrogen in vegetative organs of the highest period is jointing stage. The proportion of nitrogen in the reproductive organs was highest at silking stage. But the grain has the highest percentage of nitrogen period is the 15th day after silking. Water and nitrogen stress led to the nitrogen accumulation of various organs, the transfer and contribution rate of nitrogen had dropped, but the transfer and contribution rate were increased in condition of only nitrogen stress. It was significantly positive correlation of the amount of nitrogen absorbed per kilogram of grain with nitrogen applied at the same amount of water circumstances. The apparent soil water use efficiency was decreased with the increasing of nitrogen provided under the condition of water stress. Otherwise, it was contrary. But the water use efficiency of water stress was significantly higher than that normal water supply.