播期和种植密度对旱地玉米生长发育及产量的影响

采用裂区试验设计,研究不同播期和5.25万、6.00万、6.75万和7.50万株/hm2不同种植密度对玉米品种先玉335和强盛388生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,随种植密度增加,植株株高和穗位高升高,茎粗和单株干物质重降低,播期推迟使这种升高和降低效应进一步加强。玉米产量在密度间的变化根据玉米品种不同而异,整体均表现为晚播处理产量较低,中播处理较高。随着播期提前,玉米生育期也相应延长,生育期延长的影响主要表现在播种至拔节期。先玉335在早播和中播条件下适宜密度为6.75万株/hm2,晚播条件下适宜低密度种植;强盛388在3个播期下均适宜低密度种植。本地区旱地玉米最佳播期在4月27日左右,适宜播种密度为6.75万株/hm2左右,玉米茎秆性状及产量指标较优。

Effects of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Growth and Yield of Dry-land Maize

By using split plot experiment design, the field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different sowing dates and planting densities(52 500, 60 000, 67 500 and 75 000 plants/ha) on the growth and development and yield of maize varieties(Xianyu335 and Qiangsheng388) The results showed that plant height and ear height increased, stem diameter and plant dry matter weight decreased with the increase of planting density, and the sowing date promoted this increase and decrease effect further. Area yield change in density varied according to different maize varieties, but area yield was the lowest under late sowing and the highest under middle sowing. With the advance of the sowing date, the growth period of maize also prolonged accordingly, and the effect of the prolonged growth period was mainly from the sowing to the jointing stage. The suitable density of Xianyu335 was 6.75×10⁴ plants/ha in early sowing and middle sowing date, while lower planting density was suitable for yield increase under late sowing conditions. Low density cultivation was suitable for Qiangsheng388 under the three sowing date. In general, the region''s suitable sowing date was April 27 with a suitable planting density of 6.75×10⁴ plants/ha for dry-land maize, which had a better maize stem traits and yield index.