氮肥运筹对春玉米产量、养分吸收和转运的影响

研究氮肥不同运筹方式对玉米产量、养分吸收利用、转运及分配的影响。结果表明,基肥:拔节期:抽雄期施氮比例为3∶4∶3处理玉米产量和氮肥利用效率最高,较其他基追比例处理增产3.2%~20.5%,氮收获指数、当季回收率、农学利用率和偏生产力分别提高2.0~5.3个百分点、2.0~21.3个百分点、2.3~10.0 kg/kg和2.3~10.0 kg/kg。施氮可显著增加玉米主要生育期氮、磷、钾吸收量,并可提高玉米抽雄期氮、磷、钾养分向子粒转运和子粒养分增加量,其中基肥∶拔节期∶抽雄期施氮比例为3∶4∶3处理玉米灌浆期氮、磷、钾吸收量最高,成熟期子粒氮、磷、钾积累总量高于其他基追比例处理。相关分析结果表明,玉米各生育期氮、磷、钾吸收间存在显著或极显著的正向相关,且除苗期外,其他生育期氮、磷、钾吸收量与产量均存在极显著正相关,灌浆期氮、磷、钾吸收状况与产量相关系数最大。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Yield, Nutrient Absorption and Translocation of Spring Maize

The effect of different nitrogen fertilizer management on maize yield, nutrient absorption and utilization, translocation and distribution were studied. The results showed that maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency were the highest, and maize yield, N harvest index, recovery rate in the quarter, agriculture utilization and partial productivity increased by 3.2%-20.5%, 2.0-5.3 percentage point, 2.0-21.3 percentage point, 2.3-10.0 kg/kg and 2.3-10.0 kg/kg at the ratio of 3:4:3 (basal N, jointing N and tasseling N) than the other treatments at different ratio of basal and topdressing in different nitrogen fertilizer management, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer application could significantly increase absorption amount of N, P and K at main growth period, and improve translocation amount of N, P and K to grains and the increment of grain nutrients at the tasseling stage of maize. The total absorption amount of N, P, K was the highest at the ratio of 3:4:3 (basal N, jointing N and tasseling N) at filling stage, and the total accumulation amount of N, P, K was higher than the other treatment at different ratio of basal and topdressing at mature stage. Correlation analysis showed that absorption of N, P and K had a significant or extremely significant positive relationship at each growing stage under nitrogen fertilizer management. Absorption of N, P and K at other growing stage was extremely significantly positive relationship with yield except at seedling stage, of which the correlation coefficients was the highest between yield and absorption condition of N, P and K at filling stage.