宁夏高产玉米群体产量构成及生长特性研究

对2008～2012年宁夏玉米高产潜力研究示范中产量突破15 000 kg/hm²的54个品次高产田群体产量构成及特征进行分析。结果表明，宁夏玉米高产田群体平均产量为16 927.01 kg/hm²，平均收获穗数为9.78万穗/hm²，穗粒数为524.38粒，千粒重为357.01 g。高产田61%品次收获穗数9.25万～10.75万穗/hm²，平均收获密度9.97万株/hm²，属高密度种植。高产田在宁夏引、扬黄灌区均有分布，主要集中在引黄灌区周边及中部干旱带扬黄新灌区，高产田46.48%选用紧凑耐密型品种，属中晚熟品种。高产田各品种花前干物质生产平均占整个生育时期总物质生产的41.7%；群体叶面积指数均为单峰曲线变化，吐丝期达峰值。高密度种植条件下，“增穗、稳粒数、增加粒重”、增加花后物质生产与高效分配、培育高质量抗倒群体是高产突破的技术途径。

Yield Structure and Growth Characteristics of High Yield Maize Population in Ningxia

The yield structure and characteristics of high yield maize population were analyzed,which was the 54 varieties and times of high yield potential, and the maize yield reached 15 000 kg/ha level of 2008-2012 in Ningxia. The result showed that the average yield of maize high yield population was 16 927.01 kg/ha, the average number of ears were 97 800 ears/ha, the grains number per ear was 524.38, 1 000-seed weight was 357.01 g. The ears number of 61% varieties and times high yield field were 92 500-1075 00 ears/ha, it was belong to high density planting and the average harvest density were 99 700 plants/ha. The high-yield maize plots distributed all areas in Ningxia supplement and irrigated irrigation, but large area production was concentrated in the Yellow River surrounding irrigation areas and new supplement irrigation area of middle in Ningxia. Main planting type of high yield field choose 46.48% resistant, resistance characteristics of high density planting and long growth stage varieties. Dry matter production of high yield field before flowers take up on an average 41.7% of the total material production accounted for the whole growth period. Population leaf area index were unimodal curve, peak in the silking stage, the average of LAI was 7.86. Increase ears number, stabilize grains number and explore grains weight was important under the condition of high density planting, meanwhile, increase the material production and efficient distribution after flowering and cultivating high quality resistant group is the way of breakthrough techniques of the future high yield.