氮磷钾配比对高产夏玉米产量、养分吸收积累的影响

通过大田试验研究了高产夏玉米土壤养分限制因素及植株养分吸收积累规律。结果表明：各施肥处理均比不施肥显著增产，增产7.3%～15.9%，氮磷钾推荐施肥(OPT)处理产量最高，达到12 051.2 kg/hm²，增产1 651.2 kg/hm²；施用氮肥、钾肥能显著提高夏玉米的产量，N、K是高产夏玉米主要养分限制因素。高产夏玉米植株体内氮、磷、钾的积累量均随生育期的延长而增加，养分积累量的大小顺序为N>K>P，从拔节期至大喇叭口期是氮素、磷素和钾素吸收量和吸收速率最大的时期，整个生育期，高产夏玉米能持续吸收N、P、K养分。N当季回收率为18.05%，P₂O₅为14.55%，K₂O为18.34%，每生产100 kg经济产量需吸收的N、P₂O₅、K₂O的量分别为1.62、0.69、1.83 kg。

Effects of Different Fertilizers on Yield and Plant Nutrient Accumulation of High-yield Summer Maize

A field experiment was conducted to study the soil nutrient limiting factors and plant nutrient uptake and accumulation. The results showed that the yield of the treatment with fertilizers were increased observably, the increase rate was from 7.3% to 15.9%. The OPT treatment got the highest yield with 12 051.2 kg/ha, with yield increased 1 651.2 kg/ha. The nitrogen and potassium fertilizer could increase yield of high-yield summer maize evidently; N and K were chief soil nutrient limiting factors. The accumulations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of high-yield maize plants were increased with the extended of bearing period. The order of nutrients accumulation was N > K > P. It was the greatest period of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption amount and d rate from jointing stage to the large bugle stage, the N, P and K nutrients were absorbed at the whole stage. Under the conditions of recommended fertilization(OPT), the increasing yield per kg nutrient of N, P₂O₅, K₂O were 3.73, 5.20, 6.76 kg, the recovery rate of N, P₂O₅, K₂O were 18.05%, 14.55%, 18.34%, and the absorbed nutrient with 100 kilogram maize of N, P₂O₅, K₂O were 1.62 kilogram, 0.69 kilogram and 1.83 kilogram.