肥料增效剂对夏玉米植物学性状、产量构成及土壤中NH4+-N和NO3--N的动态影响

2014、2015年夏季,试验采用单因素随机区组设计,以先玉335为材料,设置两种肥料增效剂、7种施肥方式,研究大喇叭口期和抽雄期植物学性状、施肥后0、14、28、42 d时0~30 cm和31~60 cm土壤中NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N含量以及收获时玉米穗部性状和产量差异。结果表明,分期施肥比全部氮肥作底肥更能促进夏玉米茎粗、叶面积、气生根数量、穗长、穗行数和行粒数等增加。与对照和不施用肥料增效剂相比,0~30 cm和31~60 cm土层中施用两种肥料增效剂的NH_4~+-N含量较高,NO_3~--N含量较低,控制了NH_4~+/NO_3~-比例。两种肥料增效剂相比,Entrench效果明显优于NMAX。

Effect of Fertilizer Synergist and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Maize Growth, Yield and the Content of NH4+-N and NO3--N in Soil

A single factor randomized block design of seven fertilization patterns was carried out in the summer of 2014 and 2015. The botanical characters were investigated at the bell stage and tasseling stage as well as ear traits at harvest time of Xinyu335. The contents of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N in 0-30 cm and 31-60 cm were measured respectively at 0, 14, 28 and 42 d after starter fertilizer. The results showed that, the effection of basic fertilizer to-gether with after fertilizer was superior to only basic fertilizer in not only promoting the stem diameter, leaf area and aerial root number, bu also accelerating the ear length, ear rows and row grains. Compared to control and no fertiliz-er synergists, two fertilizer synergists adjusted the NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratio with a higher NH₄⁺-N and a lower NO₃^--N of 0-30 cm and 31-60 cm in the soil. The effection of Banneng was superior to Tudijing in slow releasing the NH4 +-N and NO₃^--N so that plants effectively absorbed and utilized.