秸秆不同还田方式对土壤物理性状、玉米产量的影响

采用大区对比试验,设玉米秸秆覆盖还田(SCR)、旋耕还田(SPR)、翻埋还田(SDPR)和不还田(CK)4种方式,对土壤容重、孔隙度、含水率、玉米根系活力、株高等指标进行测定和分析。结果表明,与CK相比,秸秆还田使土壤容重下降3.24%~5.76%,孔隙度增加4.08%~5.89%,土壤含水率增加6.43%~10.86%。秸秆还田对玉米植株生长发育起到促进作用,且SDPR处理效果最好。秸秆还田有利于玉米增产和提高水分利用效率(WUE),SDPR处理产量和WUE最高,其次为SPR和SCR处理,CK最低。SDPR、SPR和SCR处理较CK增产15.14%、9.41%和5.06%,WUE提高28.62%、22.67%和18.11%。

Effects of Different Returning Methods of Straw on Soil Physical Property, Yield of Corn

In order to investigate the effects of different returning methods of straw on soil physical property, corn growth, yield, and economic benefits, a large area contrast test was conducted with four returning methods of corn straw, which were covering the field with straw (SCR), spinning straw into the soil (SPR), plowing straw deeply into the soil (SDPR) and without straw (CK). Soil bulk density, porosity, water content, corn root vigor, plant height, leaf area, SPAD, dry matter weight, yield and water use efficiency were measured and analyzed. The results showed that comparing with CK, the soil bulk density decreased by 3.24% to 5.76%, the porosity increased by 4.08% to 5.89%, and the soil moisture content increased by 6.43% to 10.86% under straw returning treatments. According to the growth indexes of corn, straw returning could promote the growth and development of corn. And the effect of SDPR was better. Straw returning was conducive to improve corn yield and water use efficiency (WUE). Among four treatments, the yield of SDPR was highest followed by SPR and SCR, and CK at last. Yield of SDPR, SPR and SCR respectively increased by 15.14%, 9.41% and 5.06% than CK, and WUE increased by 28.62%, 22.6%7 and 18.11%, respectively.