硼肥用量对玉米生长发育及产量的影响

以郑单958和豫单606为试验材料,采用盆栽试验方法,探索不同硼肥用量对玉米产量及生长发育的影响。结果表明,施用适量硼肥可促进玉米生长发育,显著提高叶面积指数,使植株干物质积累量增加,同时硼肥能够促进干物质向果穗运输。施用硼肥能够促进玉米穗分化,使雌雄间隔期缩短,显著提高花丝数和花丝生长速率,进而增加穗粒数。施用硼肥显著提高玉米产量,且不同用量对其影响不同,3.33 mg/kg土壤硼肥处理的效果最为显著,郑单958和豫单606分别较不施硼肥处理增产14.3%和17.4%;施用量为13.3 mg/kg时郑单958增产3.5%;豫单606产生中毒症状,产量较对照降低4.4%。

Effect of Application Amount of Boron Fertilizer on Growth, Development and Grain Yield of Maize

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of the application amount of boron fertilizer on the growth, development and grain yield of maize varieties ZD958 and YD606. The results showed that the right amount of born fertilizer promoted the growth, development of maize. The leaf area index and dry matter accumula-tion were increased significantly, and application of boron fertilizer could promote the dry matter to grain transport. In the boron treatment, the growth and development of maize ear was promoted(ear length, ear diameter, grains per row were significantly increased while barren tip decreased). Shortened ASI, increased silk elongation rate and num-ber of silks emerged from the husks were the primary causes leading to the increase of ear kernel number. The right amount of born fertilizer can increase maize yield significantly, and there were significant differences among the ap-plication amount of boron fertilize, when the boron application amount was 3.33 mg/kg, the yield of ZD958 and YD606 increasing was the most significant, which increased by14.3% and 17.4%. When the application rate of bo-ron fertilizer was 13.3 mg/kg, the effect was limited, the yield of ZD958 increased by 3.5%, and decreased by 4.4% of YD606.