不同肥料滴灌配施夏玉米产量与氮磷钾吸收利用特性

以郑单958为材料,在滴灌施肥条件下设不施氮(N0)、不施磷(P0)、不施钾(K0)和氮磷钾均施(NPK)4个处理,以传统灌溉施肥方式(施用量同NPK处理)为对照,研究滴灌水肥一体不同肥料配施夏玉米产量与氮磷钾吸收、分配及利用特性。结果表明,滴灌条件下,相较于磷钾肥,玉米对氮肥更敏感。N0处理的产量、干物质积累量、整株氮磷吸收量均显著降低,其叶片钾含量、茎鞘磷含量极显著增加,导致叶片钾积累量、茎鞘磷积累量显著增加。P0和K0处理玉米产量、干物质积累量、植株氮素吸收量均与NPK处理无显著差异,分别导致磷素和钾素吸收量显著降低。不施磷钾肥处理氮素从秸秆向子粒的转运受到限制,子粒含氮量下降,氮素收获指数显著降低。滴灌条件下,氮磷钾肥平衡施用玉米养分吸收均衡、分配合理,物质生产和产量显著高于传统灌溉施肥方式。

Yield and NPK Uptake and Utilization Characteristics of Summer Maize under Drip Fertigation

A field experiment was carried out using the hybrid Zhengdan958 to explore the influence of the combined application of different fertilizers through drip irrigation on yield and NPK uptake and utilization of summer maize. The experiment consisted of a conventional irrigation and fertilization treatment and four drip fertilization treatments, which were no N-fertilizer application(N0), no phosphorus(P0), no potassium(K0) and NPK combined application(NPK). The results showed that grain yield, dry matter and NP uptake in the whole plant were significantly lower in N0 treat than those in NPK treat. However, K concentration in blade and P concentration in stem elevated dramatically in N0 treat, eventually causing K accumulation in blade and P accumulation in stem significant increase in comparison with NPK treatment. Although there were no significant differences in grain yield, dry matter accumulation and plant N uptake between P0 and NPK, the same as K0 and NPK, plant P uptake and K uptake decreased sharply, respectively. Moreover, the translocation of nitrogen from straw to grain was restricted under the condition of no P and K fertilizer application, concomitantly resulting in lower grain N content and lower N harvest index. Under drip fertigation condition, balanced application of NPK fertilizer was essential for absorption and rational allocation of nutrients, and could make the matter production and grain yield significantly higher than those inconventional irrigation and fertilization ways.