玉米精密播种种子质量差异研究

2008年、2009年和2011年分别选取27、24和10个玉米品种的种子,测定单粒重、发芽势、发芽率等指标,分析普通种子和精播种子的质量差异。结果表明,与普通种子相比,精播种子的平均单粒重增加了15.32%,变异系数降低了12.38%;精播种子的发芽势较普通种子高4.73%,发芽率差异不显著。与先玉335种子相比,国内玉米种子平均单粒重、标准差和变异系数分别增加了33.91%、57.35%和17.57%,发芽势、发芽率降低了8.67%和2.38%。因此,要满足机械化精播的要求,需从种子加工质量和种子活力两方面提高玉米种子质量。精播种子单粒重的标准差和变异系数在0.042 6和15.98%左右、发芽势和发芽率达90%和95%以上、发芽指数为70的标准,可作为我国精播玉米品种的质量参考标准。

Differences on the Quality of Precision Planting Seeds in Maize

Maize seeds from 27, 24 and 10 varieties in 2008, 2009 and 2011, respectively, were tested to analyze the seed quality differences between traditional and precision planting varieties by determining their single grain weight, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, germination potential, germination percentage, and etc. Compared with traditional planting seeds, those for precision planting increased the mean single grain weight by 15.32% and decreased the coefficient of variation by 12.38%. The germination energy of precision planting seeds 4.73% higher than that of traditional planting seeds. However, germination percentage between them had no significant difference. Compared with Xianyu335, the single grain weight, standard deviation and variation coefficient of traditional planting varieties were increased by 33.91%, 57.35% and 17.57%, respectively. However, the germination potential and germination percentage decreased by 8.67% and 2.38%. Maize seeds qualities could be improved from seed processing and enhancing seed vigor to meet the requirements for mechanical precision planting. In addition, the quality reference standards of precision planting seeds of maize in China are as fellows. The standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the single grain weight respectively, are about 0.042 6 and 15.98%. The germination percentage and germination potential respectively, are above 90% and 95%. The germination index is 70 or so.