鲜食玉米形态特征、生理特性及产量对淹水的响应

以华美甜168和华美糯7号为试验材料,盆栽条件下在苗期、拔节期和抽雄吐丝期进行淹水处理,对淹水后两个鲜食玉米品种的形态特征、叶片理化特性及产量进行研究。结果表明,随着淹水历时的延长,两个鲜食玉米品种的形态特征、生理特性和产量变化的幅度增大。淹水降低鲜玉米的产量,穗行粒数减少是产量降低的主要因素。华美甜168以拔节期淹水减产最为严重;华美糯7号以抽雄吐丝期淹水影响最大。淹水使玉米株高增长率、新叶生长率下降,叶片中游离脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高。不同时期淹水后华美糯7号株高变化量与产量显著或极显著正相关,Pro、MDA含量和SOD酶活性与产量显著或极显著负相关。

Waterlogging Effects on the Morphological,Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Fresh Eating Maize

The changes of 2 fresh eating maize varieties(Huameitian168 and Huameinuo7) morphological characteristics, physical and chemical properties of blade, and yields in different growth stages(such as seedling, jointing and spinning tasseling) after waterlogging for keeping different durations in pot culture were investigated. The results showed more days waterlogging keeping, the more drastic variation showed of tested items. Per row of grains reduction with waterlogging was the main factor leading to the yields decrease. Huameitian168 reduced severe in jointing stage, Huameinuo7 was most heavily affected in spinning tasseling stage. Waterlogging decreased the maize plant height growth rate, new leaves growth rate, but increased both contents of leaf free proline(Pro) and malondialdehyde(MDA), and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD). After waterlogging, Huameinuo7 plant height with yield reached significant or extremely significant positive correlation, Pro, MDA content and SOD enzyme activity significantly or extremely significantly negative correlated with yield.