植株田间分布均匀度对夏玉米植株性状、田间光照和杂草的影响

采用双因素裂区试验对夏玉米生长期的田间光照、田间杂草、产量及构成、LAI、根系等特性进行了研究,明确植株田间分布均匀度对夏玉米的生态效应影响。结果表明:随着植株田间分布均匀度的提高,玉米产量、收获穗数、穗粒数、最大LAI提高,冠层内的光截获增加,光透射减少;同时,杂草的种类、数量和鲜重均有减少趋势。随种植密度的增加,杂草减少效应更明显。低均匀度处理的穗位整齐度和株高整齐度较小,空株率较大,提高密度可使株高整齐度得到改善;低密度高均匀度处理的茎较粗;根数对密度和均匀度反应不明显。因此,适当提高种植均匀度和密度有利于提高玉米群体质量,有效利用自然资源,抑制杂草生长,改善玉米生长的生态环境,从而提高产量。

Effects of Uniformity of Plant Distribution on Plant Characters, Light Conditions and Weeds in Summer Maize Field

In order to investigate the ecological effects of plant distribution uniformity on field light condition, weeds control, yield, LAI, root and others of summer maize, an experiment was conducted by a two-factor split plot design. The result showed that yield, harvest ears, grain number per ear, LAImax and light interception enhanced with increased plant distribution uniformity. At the same time, weed type, number and fresh weight reduced, especially at higher density. Lower plant distribution led to reduce uniformity of ear and plant height, increase sterile plant and plant height uniformity raised with increasing density. Stalk diameter was increased by low density and high distribution treatment, but the root number did not respond to either density or distribution treatment. Therefore, appropriate plant distribution uniformity and planting density was beneficial to the improvement of maize population quality, efficient use of natural resources, inhibition of weeds and other adverse factors, so as to provide a good ecological environment for improvement of yield.