施氮对砂姜黑土区不同玉米品种产量构成、氮素利用及节氮潜力的影响

通过田间试验研究不同施氮水平对6个主推品种在砂姜黑土区的产量、产量构成因素、氮素利用及节氮增产潜力的影响。结果表明,施氮显著提高各玉米品种的子粒产量,对收获指数的影响相对较小;施氮显著增加行粒数、穗长和穗粗,增幅分别为22.5%~66.9%、16.8%~50.5%和9.4%~29.7%,N120与N240水平间无明显差异;各玉米品种的氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力均表现为N120显著高于N240水平,平均值分别是N240的1.89倍和1.96倍;蠡玉13和郑单958的节氮增产潜力明显高于其他品种。综合分析认为,适宜在胶东砂姜黑土区推广的玉米品种排序为蠡玉13、郑单958、浚单20、先玉335、莱农14、先锋32D22。

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield Components, Nitrogen Utilization and Potential of Saving Nitrogen of Different Maize Varieties in Lime Concretion Black Soil Region

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of three nitrogen level on yield, yield components, nitrogen utilization and the potential of saving nitrogen and increasing yield of six maize varieties in present production in lime concretion black soil region. The results showed that the grain yields of different maize varieties were significantly increased by nitrogen application, but N-fertilizer had comparatively less effect on harvest index. Row grains, ear length and ear diameter were significantly enhanced by N fertilization. Compared with treatment N0, they improved by 22.5%-66.9%, 16.8%-50.5% and 9.4%-29.7%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between treatment N₁₂₀ and treatment N₂₄₀. Both nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of all varieties were behaved as that treatment N₁₂₀ were significantly higher than treatment N₂₄₀, and the average value of six varieties under N₁₂₀ level were 1.89 and 1.96 times of that of treatment N₂₄₀, respectively. The potential of saving nitrogen and increasing yield of Liyu13 and Zhengdan958 was better than other varieties. It is proposed that maize varieties which popularized in large area in lime concretion black soil region of Jiaodong peninsula arranged as Liyu13, Zhengdan958, Xundan20, Xianyu335, Lainong14, Xianfeng32D22.