玉米品种穗轴重和出籽率等性状的相关及遗传关系研究

以先玉335的亲本及2个美系材料和自选系为试验材料,组配16个杂交组合,在保苗61 530株/hm2的条件下进行产量比较,同时分析子粒水分、穗轴重、出籽率等相关数据,进行简单相关和遗传分析。结果表明,杂交种穗轴重与出籽率呈极显著负相关;出籽率与双亲平均穗轴重、父本穗轴重呈极显著负相关,与双亲平均出籽率、父本出籽率呈极显著正相关;百粒重与产量呈显著正相关,与子粒水分呈显著负相关,与父本百粒重呈显著正相关;产量与父本百粒重呈极显著正相关,与双亲平均百粒重呈显著正相关。穗轴重、百粒重遗传累加效应极显著,超高亲效应明显;出籽率以遗传累加效应为主,存在超亲效应。组配新组合途径可以直接利用PH6WC及Reid系统的美系材料与自选系组配,从而获得高出籽率的品种。

Character Analysis of Maize Variety and the Genetic Relationship

Using parent of Xianyu335 and 2 American-lines as test material,sixteen hybridized combinations were made.The comparison of their yield under the condition of the conserving seedling with 61 530 plant/ha were made.At the same time,the grain moisture,the cob weight,the seed rate,and other relevant data were analyzed,and the genetic analysis was carried out.The results showed that there was an extremely significant negative correlation between hybrids cob weight and the seed rate;the seed rate had extremely significant negative correlation with average cob weight of parents and the cob weight of paternal,and had extremely significant positive correlation with average seed rate of parents and the seed rate of paternal;100-kernel weight had significant positive correlation with yield,had significant negative correlation with grain moisture,and had significant positive correlation with the 100-kernel weight of paternal.Yield had extremely significant positive correlation with the 100-kernel weight of paternal,and had significant positive correlation with 100-kernel weight of parents.Genetic cumulative effect of cob weight and 100-kernel weight was very significant;the effect of surpassing the higher parents was obvious.The effect of surpassing the parents was merely existing when the genetic additive effects of seed rate was mainly.The american-lines of PH6WC and Reid could be utilized directly,and mated with optional lines,thus obtaining the new varieties with high seed rate.