作物遗传学发展历程回顾与玉米育种目标的前瞻

遗传学的发展是依据性状表现在亲子间传递关系来建立遗传理论及法则,然后从解析遗传基因的核苷酸分子结构来验证遗传理论及法则。育种学是应用遗传原理,依据人类需要,选择并固定在某一特定生育环境最佳性状表现的遗传组合个体或品种,采用分子方法及关联分析来定义影响某一特定性状表现的遗传基因及遗传机制。未来对基因组学基因功能整体运作协调配合的了解,将提高育种的选择效率,并获得适应某一特定生育环境的最佳作物品种。

Review on Crop Genetics Progress and Prospective of Maize Breeding Objectives

The development of genetics and the establishment of genetic theories and principles are based on inheritance of phenotypic expression between parent and offspring. Then use molecular technique to analyze physical structure and nucleotide sequence of a gene to confirm genetic theories and principles. Breeding is based on human needs, applying genetic principles, selecting and fixing individuals or varieties with ultimate required performance and best genetic makeup in a specific growing environment. Then can use molecular method and association analysis to define genes and genetic mechanism affecting a unique trait expression. With increased understanding of overall coordination and operation of functional genomics in the future, it is possible to improve breeding selection effectiveness and to obtain high throughput ultimate crop varieties adapted to a specific growth environment.