种植密度对3个紧凑型玉米品种抗倒伏性和产量的影响

以郑单958、先玉335、浚单20为材料,研究不同密度下3个紧凑型玉米品种抗倒伏性和产量的影响。结果表明,随着密度增加,3个玉米品种的倒伏率逐渐升高,平均倒伏率浚单20先玉335郑单958。随着密度增加,玉米株高、穗位高、穗高系数均逐渐升高,玉米倒伏率与穗位高呈极显著正相关,与株高和穗高系数相关性不显著。玉米茎秆穿刺强度随着节位的上升呈下降趋势,随着密度增加,茎秆穿刺强度逐渐降低,不同密度下每一节的穿刺强度均为先玉335郑单958浚单20,不同节间的穿刺强度表现为第二节第三节第四节第五节第六节。随着密度增加,玉米穗行数、穗粒数和百粒重均呈降低趋势,行粒数在不同品种间表现不同,郑单958和先玉335均呈下降趋势,浚单20则先升后降。随着密度增加,郑单958、先玉335的产量表现为先升高后降低的趋势,在7.5万株/hm2时达最高值,分别为13 141.5、14 324.2 kg/hm~2,浚单20呈下降趋势。因此,与郑单958和浚单20相比,先玉335在冀西北地区种植抗倒伏且获得高产。

Effects of Planting Density on Lodging Resistance and Yield of Three Erectophile Maize Varieties

The experiment had planted Zhengdan 958, Xianyu335 and Xundan 20 under different densities to study the effects of planting density on the lodging resistance and yield of maize. The results showed that the lodging rate, plant height, ear height and ear height coefficient were increased gradually with the increasing of density. The average lodging rate was Xundan 20 > Xianyu335 > Zhengdan958. The positive correlation was significant between the lodging rate and ear height, which was not significant among the lodging rate, plant height and ear height coefficient. The stalk rind penetrometer resistance decreased with the rising of internodes and density, which was Xianyu335 > Zhengdan958 > Xundan 20 in each internode, and the 2nd > 3rd > 4th > 5th > 6th internode in different internodes. Row number per ear, ear number and 100-kernels weight were showed a decreasing trend. Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335 were presented a downward trend, however Xundan 20 was showed a rising firstly and then declining on row kernels. Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335 were showed a rising firstly and then declining on yield, and the maximum value occurred in 7.5×10⁴ plants/ha. However, Xundan 20 was reduced all the way. Therefore, Xianyu335 was more easily reached higher yield in Northwest Hebei.