生物炭与肥料配施对土壤养分及玉米产量的影响

采用田间试验的方法,设无生物炭无肥料(CK)、常规施肥(F1)、80%常规施肥(F2)、80%常规施肥+20%生物炭(F2B)、70%常规施肥(F3)以及70%常规施肥+30%生物炭(F3B)6个处理,研究生物炭和肥料配施对土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾及玉米不同生育期干物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明,生物炭与肥料配施处理(F2B、F3B)较单施肥处理(F2、F3)在不同程度上提高土壤有机质、土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量、玉米各生育期干物质量及产量。F2B处理的玉米产量略高于F1处理,二者差异不显著。与常规施肥相比,生物炭与化肥合理配施改善土壤养分状况。试验区最佳肥料-生物炭施用量效配比为80%常规肥+20%生物炭。

Effects of Biochar and Chemical Fertilizer Interaction on Soil Nutrient and Maize Yield

The study aimed to explore the effect of biochar and chemical fertilizer mixed application on maize production. The field experiment included six treatments:CK, common fertilization(F1), 80% common fertilization(F2), 80% common fertilization+20% biochar(F2B), 70% common fertilization(F3), and 70% common fertilization+30% biochar(F3B). Many indexes related with fertilizer content were measured, which involving the soil organic matter, total nitrogen(N), available phosphorus(P), available potassium(K), together with the yield and dry matter accumulation of maize at seedling, jointing, tassel, dough, maturity and harvest growing stages, respectively. The results showed that the treatments of biochar and chemical fertilizer mixed application(F2B and F3B) significantly increased the soil organic matter, total N, available P, rapidly available K, as well as the yield and dry matter accumulation of maize at every growing stage when compared with single chemical fertilizer application treatments(F2 and F3). In addition, the maize yield in F2B treatment was slightly higher than that in F1. Therefore, compared with the common fertilization application, the mixed application of biochar and chemical fertilizer improved soil nutrient. The proposed optimal mixed ratio of biochar and chemical fertilizers at study location was:80% chemical fertilization + 20% biochar.