黄淮海中南部玉米氮高效品种筛选及产量性状分析

以40个玉米品种为研究对象,采用田间试验方法,对10个重要性状在2个供氮水平(高氮水平270kg/hm;低氮水平,不施氮)进行调查、计算和分析,对玉米氮效率类型进行划分和评价。结果表明,除穗行数外,其他9个性状在2个供氮水平上均存在极显著差异。相关分析表明,在2个供氮水平下,子粒产量与干物质积累量、穗长、行粒数、穗粒数、百粒重和单穗粒重均呈显著正相关。通径分析表明,在低氮水平下,对子粒产量直接作用较大的性状依次为穗粒数>百粒重>单穗粒重>行粒数;在高氮水平下,依次为单穗粒重>穗粒数>行粒数>百粒重。根据2个供氮水平下的子粒产量,将供试玉米品种分为4种类型,即双高效型、低氮高效型、高氮高效型和双低效型,分别占比30%、15%、27.5%和27.5%。

Screening and Yield Character Analysis of Maize Nitrogen Efficient Varieties in South and Central Huang-Huai-Hai Area

In this study, 40 maize varieties were selected as the research subjects. Field experiments were carried out to investigate the important traits that were concerned with production at two nitrogen levels(high nitrogen level, 270 kg/ha; Low nitrogen level, 0) were investigated, calculated, and analyzed in detail, and N efficiency types of maize were classified and evaluated. The results showed that there were significant differences in nitrogen supply levels among the other 9 traits except the number of panicle rows. Correlation analysis showed that the grain yield was significantly positively correlated with dry matter accumulation, panicle length, grain number in row, grain number per panicle, 100-grain weight and grain weight per panicle at two nitrogen levels. Path analysis showed that under low nitrogen level, the traits that directly affected grain yield were grain number per panicle > 100 grain weight > grain weight per panicle > grain number in row. Under high N level, the order was grain weight per panicle > grain number per panicle > row grain number > 100 grain weight. According to the grain yield at two nitrogen levels, the tested maize varieties were divided into four types, i.e., double high efficiency type, low nitrogen high efficiency type, high nitrogen high efficiency type and double low efficiency type, accounting for 30%, 15%, 27.5% and 27.5%, respectively.