平衡施肥对春玉米产量及养分吸收的影响

在吉林省玉米主产区采用田间试验研究平衡施肥对玉米产量、养分吸收利用和土壤养分表观平衡的影响。结果表明，与农民习惯施肥（FP）相比，平衡施肥（OPT）在减施氮肥17.0%～37.7%、减施磷肥39.2%～48.7%的情况下，玉米产量提高2.3%～3.1%。OPT处理的养分吸收总量和肥料利用效率有不同程度的提高，其中氮吸收量提高12.3～25.4 kg/hm²，磷吸收量提高0.8～2.9 kg/hm²，钾吸收量提高2.8～4.5 kg/hm²，肥料利用效率提高13.7～19.6个百分点。平衡施肥处理的氮、磷、钾养分平衡系数分别为0.92～1.11、0.83～0.96、0.67～0.77，均好于农民习惯施肥，说明平衡施肥的氮、磷、钾等养分投入基本合理。

Effect of Balanced Fertilization on Spring Maize Yield and Nutrient Absorption

The field plot experiment was carried out to explore the effect of balanced fertilization on maize yield, economic benefits, nutrient absorption and apparent soil nutrient balance in Jilin province. The results showed that, compared with farmers' practice treatment, maize yield was increased 2.3% to 3.1% by balanced fertil-ization treatment in the reduction of nitrogen 17%-37.7%, phosphate 39.2%-48.7%. The total amount of nutrient uptake and fertilizer use efficiency has increased by OPT treatment, in which nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake increased 12.3-25.4 kg/ha, 0.8-2.9 kg/ha and 2.8-4.5 kg/ha respectively, fertilizer use efficiency increased 13.7-19.6 percentage points. The result also showed, the nutrient balance coefficient of N, P and K were 0.92-1.11, 0.83-0.96, 0.67-0.77, which were much more better than farmer' practices, so application rate of fertilizer with bal-anced fertilization was more reasonable and practices in maize production.