玉米骨干亲本对主要病害的抗性及其传递规律

选用5个玉米骨干亲本Mo17、黄早4、掖478、自330和丹340及其68个衍生品系,对大斑病、小斑病、丝黑穗病、弯孢叶斑病、禾谷镰孢茎腐病、矮花叶病和黑粉病的抗性进行鉴定。结果表明,黄早四具有较好的多抗和兼抗性,60.7%衍生品系对大斑病达中抗以上水平,82.0%高感或感小斑病,对小斑病的抗性较易丢失,感丝黑穗病易被改良。Mo17具有较好的多抗和兼抗性,81.2%衍生品系对丝黑穗病达到中抗以上水平,64.7%高感或感小斑病,对丝黑穗病的抗性能较好地传递给其衍生品系,对小斑病的抗性易丢失,感大斑病性状易被改良,Mo17是唯一对弯孢叶斑病的抗性达到中抗水平的骨干自交系。自330对3种病害具有较好的抗性,其衍生品系中70.0%对丝黑穗病达到中抗以上水平,表明自330对衍生系的丝黑穗病抗性有较好的遗传贡献,对小斑病和弯孢叶斑病的感病性状不易通过传统的系选方法进行改良,自330是唯一对禾谷镰孢茎腐病的抗性达到中抗水平的骨干自交系。掖478中抗小斑病,其71.4%的衍生系中抗小斑病,抗性能较好的传递,掖478感弯孢菌叶斑病和大斑病,其衍生系中有57.0%中抗弯孢菌叶斑病,42.9%抗大斑病,表明其感弯孢菌叶斑病和大斑病的性状易被改良。

Characterization and Genetic Predisposition of Diseases Resistance of Maize Foundation Parents

Using maize backbone parents including Mo17, Huangzaosi, Ye478, Zi330 and Dan340, and their 68 derivative inbred lines, the resistance to northern maize leaf blight, southern maize leaf blight, head smut, Curvularia leaf spot, Fusarium stalk rot, maize dwarf mosaic and common smut were evaluated. The results showed that Huangzaosi had better multi-resistance and concurrent resistance, 60.7% of derivative inbred lines were moderately resistant to the disease, 64.7% and 82.0% were highly susceptible or susceptible to southern maize leaf blight with easy to lose disease-resistance, susceptibility to head smut is easy to be improved; Mo17 also had better multi-resistance and concurrent resistance, 81.2% of derivative inbred lines from Mo17 and 70.0% of derivative inbred lines from Zi330 demonstrating IR/R/HR to head smut, and 71.4% of derivative inbred lines from Ye478 demonstrating IR/R/HR to southern maize leaf blight. Although Ye478 was susceptible to Curvularia leaf spot and northern maize leaf blight, about 57.0 and 42.9% of its derivative inbred lines were intermediate resistance to Curvularia leaf spot and northern maize leaf blight, respectively. In contrast, about 64.5 and 82.0% of derivative inbred lines from Mo17 and Huangzaosi were susceptible/highly susceptible to southern maize leaf blight. These results suggested that there were significant parental contributions to derivative inbred lines in resistance to head smut from Mo17 and Zi330, in resistance to northern maize leaf blight from Huangzaosi, and in resistance to southern maize leaf blight from Ye478. However, resistance of Mo17 and Huangzaosi to southern maize leaf blight was easily lost in their derivative inbred lines. Whereas the resistance level could be significantly to improve in Mo17 and Huangzaosi derivative inbred lines to head smut, as well as Ye478 derivative inbred lines to Curvularia leaf spot and northern maize blight.