南方春大豆不同播季主要农艺性状的变化及其遗传研究

本文以１２个南方春大豆早熟品种（系）和１２个中熟品种（系）为材料，进行春，秋播试验，研究主要农艺性状的秋播变异率，遗传变异系数，遗传力和遗传进度，结果表明：１，两熟期组秋播变异率平均，除分枝起点为负值以外，其它１１个性状在２．３６％－５２．８８％之间，说明秋播对为结性状均有一定影响；熟期组之间各性状秋播变异率的大小亦存在较大差异，如秋播对早熟组株高，主茎节数，结荚节数，结荚高度，主茎荚数和百粒重的

STUDIES ON VARIATION AND INHERITANCE OF MAJOR AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF SOUTHERN SPRING SOYBEANS IN DIFFERENT SOWING SEASONS

The major agronomic characters of Southern spring soybeans were studied on their autumn sowing variation, coefficient of genetic variation, heritability and genetic gain by way of sowing two different maturity groups of Southern spring soybeans including 12 early maturing and 12 medium maturing varieties or lines in two different seasons, i. e., spring and autumn. The results showed that: 1.Except branch begins height, all the other ll characters had a positive variation of 2.36%-52.88% in autumn sowing variation rate in both maturity groups, which indicates that sowing in autumn has some effects on all these characters. There also existed differences in autumn sowing rate of the characters between the two maturity groups, e.g., autumn sowing had a weaker effect on plant height, nodes of main stem, effective nodes, basal pod height,pods of main stem and 100-seed weight while a stronger effect on branch begins height and pods per branch in early maturing cultivars than in medium maturing ones. 2.The coefficients of genetic variation of the same chatacters varied greatly with different cultivars and maturity groups. 3.The heritabilities of plant height, three-seed pods and 100-seed weight in early maturing cultivars and 100-seed weight in medium maturity group were all over 70% regardless of the sowing seasons of the cultivars, indicating that selection to these characters is effective in spring or autumn or both sowing seasons. 4.The heritabilities and genetic gains of plant height, number of branches, basal pod height, pods on main stem, pods per plant in early maturity group and those of effective nodes, pods on main stem, one-, two- and three-seed pods and 100-seed weight in medium maturity group were higher in autumn sowing season than those in spring sowing season, which suggests that selection to these charaters has a better effect in autumn sowing season than in spring season.