华南春大豆氮磷钾肥配施效应及用量研究

为探明华南春大豆生产的适宜施肥量,采用"3414"肥效试验设计,选用桂春豆106开展了氮磷钾肥配施效应和推荐施肥量研究。结果表明:氮、磷、钾肥料配施可明显提高华南春大豆产量,各肥料因素对大豆产量的增产效应依次为磷氮钾,氮、磷、钾三因素之间存在互作效应,效应大小依次为氮磷磷钾氮钾;经模型最优分析表明采用三元肥效函数模型做出施肥决策是合理可行的,经回归模型的拟合得出推荐施肥量,达到最高产量时氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)和钾(K_2O)的施肥量分别为80.6,21.6和58.4 kg·hm~(-2),达到最佳经济产量时氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)的施肥量分别为75.5,21.3和54.1 kg·hm~(-2)。这些研究结果将为华南地区春大豆合理施肥提供指导,为下一步建立施肥指标体系提供依据。

Study on the Effects and Amounts of Combined Application of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers for Spring Soybean in Southern China

To find out the appropriate amount of fertilizer for spring soybean production in South China,we carried out the study on the effects of combined application of N,P and K fertilizers and recommended fertilizers amount according to the ' 3414' fertilizer experiment design using Guichundou 106 as material.The results showed that:(1) Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers could significandy increase the yield of spring soybean in South China.The yield increasing effect was P ＞ N ＞ K.Interaction effect also existed between nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.The interaction effect of these three fertilizers on soybean yield was NP ＞ PK ＞ NK.(2) The model optimal analysis showed that it is reasonable and feasible to make the fertilization decision by using the three element fertilizer function model.The recommended fertilization amount was obtained through the regression model.The maximum soybean yield could be reached when N,P2O5 and K2O were applied with 80.6,21.6 and 58.4 kg·hm-2 respectively.The optimum economic yield could be achieved when N,P2O5 and K2O were applied with 75.5,21.3,54.1 kg· hm-2 respectively.These results provide guidance for the rational fertilization of spring soybean in South China,and provide the basis for the establishment of fertilization index system in the future.