大豆镰刀菌病害生防菌的分离鉴定及防治效果验证

为解决镰刀菌病害对大豆种植业造成的损失,避免化学药剂对农产品质量和人体健康的风险,本研究分离针对大豆镰刀菌病害的生防菌,通过分子生物学和生物信息学手段鉴定生防菌类型,并通过温室试验验证生防菌对大豆尖孢镰刀菌病害的防治效果。研究共分离得到144株菌,其中1种Y8菌株对尖孢镰刀菌大豆专化型有较强的防治效果,这种菌经鉴定为假单胞菌属微生物。试验结果显示:Y8菌株能够有效保护大豆免受尖孢镰刀菌的侵染,使大豆的病情指数降低42.23%。相对于对照组,Y8菌株使大豆的生物量提高45.9%,使根生物量提高73.3%,大豆籽产量提高35.4%,叶绿素含量提高22.7%。这可能是由于Y8菌株成功的在大豆根际定植,抑制尖孢镰刀菌的生长,并且其次生代谢物能促进大豆的生长。本研究发现的假单胞菌属微生物可为大豆尖孢镰刀菌病害的防治提供一种有效的解决途径。

Isolation,Identification and Control Effect of Biocontrol Bacteria Against Soybean Fusarium Oxysporum Disease

In order to solve the loss of soybean planting caused by Fusarium oxysporum disease and avoid the risk of chemical agents to the quality of agricultural products and human health, the biocontrol bacteria against soybean F.oxysporum were isolated by microbial method, and its type were identified by molecular biology and bioinformatics. The control effect of biocontrol bacteria against soybean F.oxysporum was tested by greenhouse experiments. A total of 144 strains were isolated, strain Y8 had strong control effect on F.oxysporum soybean specific type. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas. The greenhouse experiment results showed that Y8 strain could effectively protect soybean from F.oxysporum infection. Compared with control treatment, the total and ground biomass of soybean were 45.9% and 73.3% higher, produced 35.4% and 22.7% more soybean seeds and chlorophyll content. This might be due to the successful colonization of strain Y8 in soybean rhizosphere, which inhibited the growth of F.oxysporum, and its secondary metabolites could promote the growth of soybean. The Pseudomonas microorganisms found in this study could provide an effective way to control soybean F.oxysporum disease.