东北大豆品种生育期结构的初步分析

根据“东北地区大豆品种资源鉴定与评价”中的生育期资料,分析了东北大豆品种生育期结构的遗传变异,比较了不同结荚习性育成品种和地方品种生育期结构的区别。结果表明,东北大豆品种资源的生育期结构存在丰富的遗传变异。不同结荚习性的品种生育期结构有很大的差别。无限和亚有限型品种的生育期结构类似,生殖生长期较长,营养生长期相对较短,生育期比(R/V)相对较大。有限型品种的营养生长期较长,生殖生长期较短,生育期比明显小于无限和亚有限型品种。生育期和结荚习性相同的地方和育成品种相比较,育成品种的生殖生长期较长,营养生长期较短,生育期比较大,这种演变趋势在无限和亚有限品种上特别明显。辽、吉 黑三省的无限型育成品种营养生长期分别比地方品种缩短1.4,4.1和5.8天,生殖生长期延长1.1,1.5和1.4天,R/V值提高4.8,11.2和15.4％。吉、黑三省的亚有限有成品种的营养生长期平均较地方品种缩短了3.9和9.9天,生殖生长期延长了2.6和1.8天,生育期比提高了12.5和34.5％。有限型品种生育期结构的演变方向不明显。大豆育成品种生育期结构的演变是长期产量选择的间接效应。自觉地对生育期结构进行定向选择,有可能提高大豆产量的选择效率。

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE GROWTH PERIOD STRUCTURE OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN THE NORTHEAST OF CHINA

Based on the maturity data collected during the evaluation of the soybean germplasms in the Northeast of China, the genetic variation of growth period structures in the soybean germplasms were analyzed and the differences in growth period between developed and local soybean varieties were compared. The results showed that a wide range of genetic variations in growth period structures existed in the soybean germplasms studied. The growth period structure differed greatly with the growth habit. Indeterminate and semi-determinate varieties had simslar growth period structure characterized by longer reproductive growth period (R), shorter vegitative growth period V) and greater ratios of R/V. The determinate varieties usually had longer V and shorter R, ami the raticxs of R/V were obviously smaller than that of indeterminate and semi-terminate varieties. The developed cultivars had longer R, shorter V and larger ratios of R/V, than the local soybean varieties of the same growth habites and maturity groups. The evolution tendency in growth period structure was constant and obvious. The V of the developed indeterminate varieties in Liaoning, Jilin ami Heilongjiang provinces were 1.4,4.1 and 5. 8 days shorter, the R were 1.1,1.5and 1. 4 days longer, the ratios of R/V were 4. 8,11.2 and 15.4% larger, than those of local varieties, respectively. The V of the developed semi-determinate soybean varieties in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces were 3. 8 and 9. 9 days shorter, the R were 2. 6 and 1. 8 days longer, and the ratios of R/V were 12. 5 and 34. 5% larger than those of local varieties, respectively. The evolution trend of growth period structure of the determinate varieties was not clear. In general, the evolution in growth period structure of developed soybean varieties was the indirect accumulative effects of yield selection. Yield selection efficiency may be improved by using the growth period structure as a direct selecting trail.