大豆主要农艺性状遗传的双列杂交图解分析

本文利用在主要农艺性状和形态上存在显著差异的六个大豆基因型间的双列杂交,对成熟期、株高、主茎节数、百粒重和单株粒重等性状的遗传进行了图解分析,并且利用这些性状的数据估算的阵列方差(V_r)和协方差(W_r)等统计量间的关系进行了遗传解释。结果表明成熟期的6×6完全双列群体符合双列分析的所有假设,直线回归系数b=0.7597,与W_r+V_r值的相关密切(r=0.7086),可见早熟基因倾向显性。株高的遗传并不完全趋于显性,很可能存在向高低两个相反方向发展的因素。与株高的遗传动态相仿,主茎节数和百粒重的遗传并不都是由显性基因控制。六个亲本在控制单株粒重的遗传中都存在上位性效应。维尔金带有较多的早熟性和单株粒重的显性基因;设交76—5184具有较多的控制株高和百粒重的显性基因,合丰22号控制主茎节数的显性基因较多。

DIAGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIALIEL CROSS OF THE HEREDITY OF THE MAJOR AGRONOMY CHARACTERS OF SOYBEAN

The diallel crossed among the six soybean genotypes which have significant differences in the major agronomic and morphological characters have been used for the diagrammatic analysis of the heredity of growth period, plant height, node number on main stem, 100 seed weight and seed weight per plant. Genetic performance of the relationship among the array variance(Vr)and convariance(Wr) which estimated from the data of these characters has also been analysed. The results indicated that growth period was in agreememt with all hypotheses of diallel analysis, b=0.7597. The correlation with Wr+Vr was significant, the early genes tended to be dominant. Genetic analysis for plant heitht, node number on main stem, 100 seed weight indicated partial to dominance. There were epistasy for all six genotypes in seed weight per plant. Wilkin had more dominant genes for early maturity and seed weight per plant; Shejiao 76-5184 had more dominant genes for plant height and 100 seed weight; Hefeng 22 had more dominant genes for node number on main stem.